Daño genético en trabajadores expuestos ocupacionalmente a citostáticos
Fecha
2017
Autores
Castellanos Puentes, Liset
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
Los citostáticos representan un gran peligro toxicológico ya que están diseñados para originar la muerte celular, sin diferenciar entre células sanas y cancerosas pudiendo afectar al manipulador, al enfermo y al medio ambiente. La exposición reiterada durante su manipulación puede causar mutaciones, inmunotoxicidad y cáncer en seres humanos. Por tal motivo, se decidió evaluar el posible riesgo genotóxico derivado de la exposición a citostáticos en el ámbito laboral de los trabajadores pertenecientes al Hospital Pediátrico Universitario “José Luis Miranda” de Villa Clara. Se realizo un estudio de corte transversal incluyendo un grupo expuesto (GE) a citostáticos y otro grupo no expuesto (GNE), a través del biomarcador micronúcleos (MN) en células bucales. Se obtuvo consentimiento informado y cuestionario exhaustivo para la descripción sociodemográfica. Se determinaron parámetros bioquímicos y la evaluación del daño genotóxico a través del ensayo de MN. Ambos grupos presentaron características homogéneas en cuanto a factores socio-demográficos y parámetros bioquímicos. Dentro de las anomalías citogenéticas identificadas las más frecuentes fueron la presencia de MN y células binucleadas. Existió daño genético en los trabajadores del GE, con una asociación significativa a factores de riesgo: riesgos laborales y ocupación, mientras que los daños al GNE se asociaron a la antigüedad laboral. Entre ambos grupos se establecen diferencias significativas relacionados con la exposición ocupacional. el estudio permitio concluir que el daño genético determinado por la incidencia de MN está asociado a la exposición ocupacional a citostáticos en trabajadores del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario “José Luis Miranda”.
Cytostatics represent a great toxicological hazard because they are designed to cause cell death, without differentiating between healthy and cancerous cells, which may affect the manipulator, the patient and the environment. Repeated exposure during handling may cause mutations, immunotoxicity and cancer in humans. For this reason, it was decided to evaluate the possible genotoxic risk derived from exposure to cytostatics in the workplace of workers belonging to the "José Luis Miranda" Pediatric University Hospital of Villa Clara. A cross-sectional study was performed including an exposed group (GE) to cytostatic and another non-exposed group (GNE), through the biomarker micronucleus (MN) in buccal cells. Informed consent and exhaustive questionnaire were obtained for sociodemographic description. Biochemical parameters and the evaluation of genotoxic damage were determined through the MN assay. Both groups presented homogeneous characteristics regarding socio-demographic factors and biochemical parameters. Among the cytogenetic anomalies identified the most frequent were the presence of MN and binucleate cells. Genetic damage existed in GE workers, with a significant association to risk factors: occupational hazards and occupancy, while damages to the GNE were associated with the age of employment. Significant differences in occupational exposure are established between both groups. The study allowed to conclude that the genetic damage determined by the incidence of MN is associated with occupational exposure to cytostatics in workers of the José Luis Miranda University Pediatric Hospital.
Cytostatics represent a great toxicological hazard because they are designed to cause cell death, without differentiating between healthy and cancerous cells, which may affect the manipulator, the patient and the environment. Repeated exposure during handling may cause mutations, immunotoxicity and cancer in humans. For this reason, it was decided to evaluate the possible genotoxic risk derived from exposure to cytostatics in the workplace of workers belonging to the "José Luis Miranda" Pediatric University Hospital of Villa Clara. A cross-sectional study was performed including an exposed group (GE) to cytostatic and another non-exposed group (GNE), through the biomarker micronucleus (MN) in buccal cells. Informed consent and exhaustive questionnaire were obtained for sociodemographic description. Biochemical parameters and the evaluation of genotoxic damage were determined through the MN assay. Both groups presented homogeneous characteristics regarding socio-demographic factors and biochemical parameters. Among the cytogenetic anomalies identified the most frequent were the presence of MN and binucleate cells. Genetic damage existed in GE workers, with a significant association to risk factors: occupational hazards and occupancy, while damages to the GNE were associated with the age of employment. Significant differences in occupational exposure are established between both groups. The study allowed to conclude that the genetic damage determined by the incidence of MN is associated with occupational exposure to cytostatics in workers of the José Luis Miranda University Pediatric Hospital.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hospital Pediátrico Universitario “José Luis Miranda”, Villa Clara, Citostáticos, Daño Genotóxico, Exposición Ocupacional, Células Epiteliales Bucales.