Diseño de un programa educativo de intervención comunitaria para contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de pacientes diabéticos
Fecha
2021
Autores
Leiva Barreiro, Lenisse
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica, considerada un problema de salud pública por su elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial. La severidad y diversidad de sus complicaciones crónicas requieren un monitoreo constante mediante revisiones actualizadas sobre el manejo de los pacientes y obliga a ejecutar estrategias de intervención eficaces. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental diseñar un programa educativo de intervención comunitaria para contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de pacientes diabéticos que consuman metformina en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia No.19-18, perteneciente al Policlínico “José Ramón León Acosta” del municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara Cuba, en el año 2021. Para ello se caracterizó a la población mediante la revisión de historias clínicas, aplicación de una encuesta y evaluación de su fragilidad clínica. La enfermedad prevalece en pacientes mayores de 65 años y del sexo femenino. Las dos terceras partes de los encuestados refieren tener los conocimientos necesarios sobre el consumo de la metformina y, como reacción adversa más frecuente, las náuseas. La mitad no realizaba suficiente actividad física, pero a su favor, en general, no ingerían alcohol ni fumaban. No se detectaron insuficiencias en la calidad de vida enfocados en la dieta. No obstante, se identifican necesidades educativas. Se seleccionaron activistas para colaborar en las tareas del programa de intervención diseñado, así como profesionales de los diferentes servicios médicos como interventores de salud para fortalecerla. Finalmente, se propone un cronograma de ejecución y acciones para valorar la efectividad del programa.
Palabras Clave: diabetes mellitus, metformina, intervención comunitaria.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, considered a public health problem due to its high prevalence worldwide. The severity and diversity of its chronic complications require constant monitoring through updated reviews on the management of patients and requires the implementation of effective intervention strategies. The main goal of this research is to design an educational program of community intervention to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of diabetic patients who consume metformin in the family medical office number 19-18, belonging to the Jose Ramon Leon Acosta polyclinic in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, during 2021. For this, the population was characterized by reviewing medicals records, applying a survey and evaluating their clinical frailty. The disease prevails in female patients of over 65 years of age. Two thirds of those surveyed report having the necessary knowledge about the consumption of metformin and, as the most frequent adverse reaction, nausea. Half of them did not practice enough physical activity, but in their favor, in general, they did not ingest alcohol or smoke. No deficiencies in quality of life regarding diet were detected. However, educational needs were identified. Activists were chosen in order to collaborate in the tasks of the designed intervention program, as well as professionals from the different medical services as health interveners to strengthen it. Finally, an execution schedule and actions were proposed to assess the effectiveness of the program. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, metformin, community intervention
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, considered a public health problem due to its high prevalence worldwide. The severity and diversity of its chronic complications require constant monitoring through updated reviews on the management of patients and requires the implementation of effective intervention strategies. The main goal of this research is to design an educational program of community intervention to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of diabetic patients who consume metformin in the family medical office number 19-18, belonging to the Jose Ramon Leon Acosta polyclinic in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, during 2021. For this, the population was characterized by reviewing medicals records, applying a survey and evaluating their clinical frailty. The disease prevails in female patients of over 65 years of age. Two thirds of those surveyed report having the necessary knowledge about the consumption of metformin and, as the most frequent adverse reaction, nausea. Half of them did not practice enough physical activity, but in their favor, in general, they did not ingest alcohol or smoke. No deficiencies in quality of life regarding diet were detected. However, educational needs were identified. Activists were chosen in order to collaborate in the tasks of the designed intervention program, as well as professionals from the different medical services as health interveners to strengthen it. Finally, an execution schedule and actions were proposed to assess the effectiveness of the program. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, metformin, community intervention
Descripción
Palabras clave
Diabetes Mellitus, Metformina, Calidad de Vida, Intervención Comunitaria, Programa Educativo