Propuesta de parámetros climáticos exteriores por zonas morfológicas en ciudades cabeceras municipales de Villa Clara
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Fecha
2010-06-24
Autores
Fidelis Alexander
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
El deterioro ambiental en la actualidad es más evidente cada día. El aumento de la frecuencia y magnitudes de los desastres naturales, la perdida de biodiversidad, la elevación del nivel del mar, el aumento de la temperatura son manifestaciones que denotan un cambio en el clima. Y es precisamente este cambio el que afecta al planeta en todas las escalas: global, regional, territorial y local. Este deterioro en las ciudades se manifiesta en diferentes formas; un ejemplo lo es la presencia del fenómeno de “isla de calor”, “isla fría”, lluvia ácida, contaminación de manto freático, y otros. Sin embargo sabemos que aunque el mundo está sufriendo estos deterioros los seres humanos pueden ser activamente involucrados en la mitigación de estos impactos negativos producidos debido a sus acciones negligentes en el ambiente.
El conocimiento y estudio de las ciudades heredadas nos permite incidir en el diseño de los nuevos asentamientos así como en la rehabilitación del entorno construido para de alguna forma amortiguar los efectos que persisten en la ciudad. El análisis de elementos tales como la trama, la estructura urbana, la morfología, la tipología, entre otros nos permite tomar decisiones más acertadas en diferentes acciones a acometer. Considerando todo esto en estrecha relación con las características del microclima urbano propio del lugar.
En este trabajo se aborda el tema del clima térmico urbano a través del estudio de la “isla de calor” y en estrecha relación con las zonas morfológicas en ciudades cabeceras municipales de la Provincia de Villa Clara; a partir del cual se proponen los parámetros climáticos exteriores con el fin de mitigar este fenómeno a través del planeamiento urbano y con el objetivo de lograr espacios confortables.
Nowadays the deterioration of the environment is becoming more evident every day. The increase of the frequency and magnitudes of natural disasters, the lost of biodiversity, rising of the sea level, the increase in the temperature are all manifestations that denote a change in the climate. Note it is precisely this change that affects the planet at all the scales: global, regional, territorial and local. This deterioration in the cities is manifested in several ways; examples of such are the presence of the “heat island” phenomenon, “cold-island”, acid- rain, contamination of the water table, and others. However we should acknowlege that although the world is deteriorating that individuals can be actively involved in the mitigation of these negative impacts produced due to negligent actions on the environment. The knowledge and the study of inherited cities permits us to work on the design of new settlements, thus in the rehabilitation of the constructed surroundings in order to some way diminish the negative effects which persist in the cities. It has been realized that through the analysis of elements such as the plot, urban structure, morphology, type of construction, and others would permit us to take more precise decisions when faced with diverse actions to be accomplished. All this is taken into account in close relation with the characteristics of the urban microclimate in the place. In this study the topic of urban thermal climate is addressed through the study of the "urban heat island" in relation with the urban morphological zones in the major cities of the Province of Villa Clara; from which a proposal for the exterior climatic parameters to mitigate this phenomenon through urban planning and hence realize the objective of achieving comfortable spaces.
Nowadays the deterioration of the environment is becoming more evident every day. The increase of the frequency and magnitudes of natural disasters, the lost of biodiversity, rising of the sea level, the increase in the temperature are all manifestations that denote a change in the climate. Note it is precisely this change that affects the planet at all the scales: global, regional, territorial and local. This deterioration in the cities is manifested in several ways; examples of such are the presence of the “heat island” phenomenon, “cold-island”, acid- rain, contamination of the water table, and others. However we should acknowlege that although the world is deteriorating that individuals can be actively involved in the mitigation of these negative impacts produced due to negligent actions on the environment. The knowledge and the study of inherited cities permits us to work on the design of new settlements, thus in the rehabilitation of the constructed surroundings in order to some way diminish the negative effects which persist in the cities. It has been realized that through the analysis of elements such as the plot, urban structure, morphology, type of construction, and others would permit us to take more precise decisions when faced with diverse actions to be accomplished. All this is taken into account in close relation with the characteristics of the urban microclimate in the place. In this study the topic of urban thermal climate is addressed through the study of the "urban heat island" in relation with the urban morphological zones in the major cities of the Province of Villa Clara; from which a proposal for the exterior climatic parameters to mitigate this phenomenon through urban planning and hence realize the objective of achieving comfortable spaces.
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Palabras clave
Parámetros Climáticos Exteriores, Zonas Morfológicas, Villa Clara, Parameters