Propuesta de soluciones adaptativas para el hábitat aplicable al impacto del cambio climático en Cuba
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Acosta Salas, Humberto Daniel
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Arquitectura
Resumen
El cambio climático tiene una tendencia creciente y un fuerte impacto en los
asentamientos costeros por su vulnerabilidad y exposición. Para afrontar esto, las
comunidades se adecuan y buscan en su gestión alcanzar un hábitat resiliente
según sus capacidades adaptativas. Estas experiencias no son suficientemente
reconocidas y estudiadas, lo que limita su aprovechamiento. Es aquí donde se
inserta la investigación, con el objetivo de sistematizar las prácticas de adaptación
al cambio climático del hábitat popular en zonas costeras cubanas.
En la investigación se hace una localización y revisión de documentación científica
tanto internacional como nacional, acerca de los efectos producidos por el cambio
climático en el mundo y en Cuba, en la misma se analizan antecedente históricos
que evidencian la ejecución de prácticas adaptativas desde tiempos antiguos así
como las tendencias tecnológicas más usadas en la actualidad y cómo estas en
muchos casos retoman antiguos conceptos.
A forma de referente se hace una selección de casos de estudio pertenecientes al
ámbito internacional, los cuales son citados rigiéndose por criterios que permitan
que estos casos tengan una posible adaptación al caso cubano, alguno de los
cuales son: situación climática similar, tecnologías, materiales, baja complejidad de
ejecución de forma tal que permita la participación ciudadana, rentabilidad entre
otros, mediante el análisis se identifican cuáles son los aspectos positivos que cada
uno de los casos ofrecen en relación a su posible implementación a escala nacional,
esto permite identificar cuáles de los ejemplos analizados son los más idóneos.
Luego se analiza los mecanismos de gestión y recuperación del hábitat en las zonas
costeras de Cuba identificando las deficiencias que presenta, identificando una
posible forma de actuación basada en la selección de tecnologías y soluciones
seleccionadas con anterioridad, las cuales son convidadas para lograr una única
solución adaptada a la realidad nacional que dé respuesta en el corto plazo.
Climate change has a growing tendency and a strong impact on coastal settlements due to its vulnerability and exposure. To face this, the communities adapt and seek in their management to reach a resilient habitat according to their adaptive capacities. These experiences are not sufficiently recognized and studied, which limits their use. This is where the research is inserted, with the aim of systematizing the practices of adaptation to climate change of the popular habitat in Cuban coastal areas. The research is a location and review of scientific documentation both international and national, about the effects produced by climate change in the world and in Cuba, in the same analyzed historical background evidence of the implementation of adaptive practices since ancient times as well as the most used technological tendencies at present and how these in many cases take up old concepts. A reference is made to a selection of case studies from the international field, which are cited by criteria that allow these cases have a possible adaptation to the Cuban case, some of which are: similar climate situation, technologies, materials , low complexity of execution in such a way as to allow citizen participation, profitability among others, through the analysis we identify which are the positive aspects that each of the cases offer in relation to its possible implementation at national level, this allows us to identify which of the analyzed examples are the most suitable. Then, the mechanisms of management and recovery of habitat in the coastal zones of Cuba are analyzed, identifying the deficiencies that it presents, identifying a possible form of action based on the selection of previously selected technologies and solutions, which are invited to achieve a single solution adapted to the national reality that responds in the short term.
Climate change has a growing tendency and a strong impact on coastal settlements due to its vulnerability and exposure. To face this, the communities adapt and seek in their management to reach a resilient habitat according to their adaptive capacities. These experiences are not sufficiently recognized and studied, which limits their use. This is where the research is inserted, with the aim of systematizing the practices of adaptation to climate change of the popular habitat in Cuban coastal areas. The research is a location and review of scientific documentation both international and national, about the effects produced by climate change in the world and in Cuba, in the same analyzed historical background evidence of the implementation of adaptive practices since ancient times as well as the most used technological tendencies at present and how these in many cases take up old concepts. A reference is made to a selection of case studies from the international field, which are cited by criteria that allow these cases have a possible adaptation to the Cuban case, some of which are: similar climate situation, technologies, materials , low complexity of execution in such a way as to allow citizen participation, profitability among others, through the analysis we identify which are the positive aspects that each of the cases offer in relation to its possible implementation at national level, this allows us to identify which of the analyzed examples are the most suitable. Then, the mechanisms of management and recovery of habitat in the coastal zones of Cuba are analyzed, identifying the deficiencies that it presents, identifying a possible form of action based on the selection of previously selected technologies and solutions, which are invited to achieve a single solution adapted to the national reality that responds in the short term.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Adaptación, Cambio Climático, Impactos, Riesgo, Vulnerabilidad, Adaptation, Climatic Change, Impacts, Risk, Vulnerability