Impactos del manejo integrado del suelo en condiciones de un polígono demostrativo
Fecha
2018-12-12
Autores
Segredo Díaz, María de la Caridad
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo aplicar un manejo integrado del suelo en condiciones
de un polígono demostrativo que propicie el mejoramiento de su capacidad agroproductiva.
Se realizó un diagnóstico inicial de los factores limitantes de los suelos, estado de la
cobertura boscosa, recursos hídricos y la maquinaria agrícola. Se elaboró un plan de manejo
bajo los principios del manejo sostenible de tierra. Se definieron 5 fincas a trabajar,
ubicadas dentro de la cuenca Zaza, con un área de 394,27 ha. Para validar los resultados, se
estudian indicadores de impactos económicos, sociales, tecnológicos y ambientales. En los
años de evaluación, se aprecian resultados favorables: disminución del costo por peso
promedio en 13 centavos y aumento en los rendimientos medios de granos de +0.11 t/ha,
tomate de +1.88 t/ha, indicando incremento en la eficiencia y rentabilidad productiva;
incrementos en producción y uso de abonos orgánicos y biofertilizantes como elementos
menos agresivos sobre el entorno; incremento de la superficie agrícola beneficiada, así
como el sedimento retenido por el establecimiento de medidas antierosivas; incrementos de
la diversidad biológica al introducir 19 especies de planta, sembrar 3875 árboles de 13
especies forestales y frutales.
The present work has the goal to apply an integrated management of soil in conditions of a demonstrative polygon, and contributing the improvement of its productive capacity. An initial diagnosis was made to find the limiting factors of the soils, state of forest cover, water resources and agricultural machinery. A strategy was developed under the principles of sustainable land management. Five farms were defined to work, located within the Zaza water reserve, with an area of 394.27 ha. To validate the results, indicators of economic, social, technological and environmental impacts are studied. In the years of evaluation, favorable results are observed: Decrease in cost per average weight by 13 % and increase in average grain yields of 0.4 t/ha, fruits of 4.05 t/ha, indicating an increase in efficiency. Profitability productive increases in production and use of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers as less aggressive elements on the environment; increase in the agricultural area benefited, as well as the sediment retained by the establishment of anti-erosion measures; increases in biological diversity by introducing 37 plant species, planting 3875 trees of 13 forest and fruit species.
The present work has the goal to apply an integrated management of soil in conditions of a demonstrative polygon, and contributing the improvement of its productive capacity. An initial diagnosis was made to find the limiting factors of the soils, state of forest cover, water resources and agricultural machinery. A strategy was developed under the principles of sustainable land management. Five farms were defined to work, located within the Zaza water reserve, with an area of 394.27 ha. To validate the results, indicators of economic, social, technological and environmental impacts are studied. In the years of evaluation, favorable results are observed: Decrease in cost per average weight by 13 % and increase in average grain yields of 0.4 t/ha, fruits of 4.05 t/ha, indicating an increase in efficiency. Profitability productive increases in production and use of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers as less aggressive elements on the environment; increase in the agricultural area benefited, as well as the sediment retained by the establishment of anti-erosion measures; increases in biological diversity by introducing 37 plant species, planting 3875 trees of 13 forest and fruit species.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Suelo, Conservación de Suelos, Manejo del Suelo