Influencia de la poscosecha en las propiedades físicos-mecánicos y ópticas del banano (Musa spp.)
Fecha
2018-12-12
Autores
Bermudez Camacho, Tania de la Caridad
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola
Resumen
La presente investigación abordó el estudio de las propiedades físicos-mecánicos y ópticas del
fruto del banano (Johnson) durante la poscosecha. Se estudió la variedad Cavendish (AAA),
cultivar Cavendish Gigante (Johnson). Este cultivar fue analizado en sus propiedades físico-mecánicas y ópticas en el momento de la cosecha, así como a las 48 horas posterior a ser
impactadas mecánicamente en 0.30 y 0.60 m de altura, sobre superficies de acero y sobre
otros frutos. Se evaluaron los daños mecánicos en función de los días poscosecha, utilizando
la espectroscopia. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante el paquete estadístico
STATGRAPHICS Plus ver-5.1. Las propiedades físicas de los bananos mostraron que poseen
una longitud media de 208,5 mm; circunferencia de 112,5 mm; grosor de la cáscara de 2,5
mm, grosor de la pulpa de 28,5 mm, peso del fruto 200 mm y relación pulpa/cascara 1,85 mm.
Se demostró que la calidad del fruto se ve afectada a impactos de una altura igual o superior
a 0,30 m, en diferentes superficies, con un nivel de susceptibilidad que varía entre 0,0028 y
0,0035, permitiendo establecer la altura mínima a partir de la cual se verá afectada las
propiedades físicas de la fruta (internas y externas) para su adecuado manejo poscosecha y
mercadeo. El análisis de los espectros de reflectancia determinó que los mayores valores de
longitudes de onda alcanzados se mostraron para la altura de 0,60 m, observándose que los
cambios en las respuestas del espectro NIR son proporcionales a la magnitud de los daños
mecánicos.
The present investigation approached the study of the physical-mechanics and optic properties of the fruit of the banana tree (Johnson) during the postharvest. The variety Cavendish was studied (AAA), to cultivate Cavendish Giant (Johnson). This to cultivate Johnson it was analyzed in his physical-mechanical and optic properties in the moment of the crop, as well as at the later 48 hours to be impacted mechanically in 0.30 and 0.60 m of height, on steel surfaces and on other fruits. It was evaluated the mechanical damages in function of the postharvest days, using the spectroscopy. The results were analyzed by means of the statistical package STATGRAPHICS plus ver-5.1. The physical properties of the banana trees showed that they possess a half longitude of 208,5 mm; circumference of 112,5 mm; deep of the shell 2,5 mm, deep of the pulp 28,5 mm, weight of the fruit 200 mm and relationship pulp/shell 1,85 mm. was demonstrated that the quality of the fruit is affected to impacts of a same height or superior to 0,30 m, in different surfaces, with a level of susceptibility that varies between 0,0028 and 0,0035, allowing to establish the minimum height starting from which will be affected the physical properties of the fruit (intern and external) for its appropriate postharvest and marketing manage. The analysis of the reflectance spectra determined that the biggest reached values of wavelengths were shown for the height of 0,60 m, being observed that the changes in the answers of the spectrum NIR is proportional to the magnitude of the mechanical damages.
The present investigation approached the study of the physical-mechanics and optic properties of the fruit of the banana tree (Johnson) during the postharvest. The variety Cavendish was studied (AAA), to cultivate Cavendish Giant (Johnson). This to cultivate Johnson it was analyzed in his physical-mechanical and optic properties in the moment of the crop, as well as at the later 48 hours to be impacted mechanically in 0.30 and 0.60 m of height, on steel surfaces and on other fruits. It was evaluated the mechanical damages in function of the postharvest days, using the spectroscopy. The results were analyzed by means of the statistical package STATGRAPHICS plus ver-5.1. The physical properties of the banana trees showed that they possess a half longitude of 208,5 mm; circumference of 112,5 mm; deep of the shell 2,5 mm, deep of the pulp 28,5 mm, weight of the fruit 200 mm and relationship pulp/shell 1,85 mm. was demonstrated that the quality of the fruit is affected to impacts of a same height or superior to 0,30 m, in different surfaces, with a level of susceptibility that varies between 0,0028 and 0,0035, allowing to establish the minimum height starting from which will be affected the physical properties of the fruit (intern and external) for its appropriate postharvest and marketing manage. The analysis of the reflectance spectra determined that the biggest reached values of wavelengths were shown for the height of 0,60 m, being observed that the changes in the answers of the spectrum NIR is proportional to the magnitude of the mechanical damages.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Espectroscopia VIS-NIR, Banano, Musa, Poscosecha