Evaluación de la capacidad de asimilación de cadmio y plomo en el Romerillo Americano (Helenium Quadridentatum Labill)
Fecha
2018
Autores
Ruíz Martínez, Jorge Adrian
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura Química
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se determinó el contenido de cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) en diferentes órganos de la planta Romerillo Americano (Helenium Quadridentatum Labill) presente en suelos no contaminados y contaminados de la Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua. La determinación de las concentraciones de Cd y Pb se realizó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. En este estudio se demostró que la planta que se encontraba en el suelo no contaminado no presenta concentraciones significativas de estos metales mientras que, la del suelo contaminado, presentó concentraciones significativas de Cd y Pb. Se evaluó además la asimilación de estos metales en un sistema fitorremediador experimental, con los dos suelos existentes en los alrededores de dicha empresa, obteniéndose concentraciones significativas de estos metales en la planta al cabo de los seis meses de sembrada. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo la siembra de la planta en el sitio contaminado para comprobar la asimilación de estos metales en las condiciones de campo, observándose un comportamiento similar al obtenido en el sistema experimental para el cadmio, y una menor asimilación de plomo, lo que puede deberse al menor tiempo de exposición en este último experimento.
In the present word, we determined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contents in various organs of the plant Romerillo Americano (Helenium Quadridentatum Labill) present in contaminated and non-contaminated soils from Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua. Cd and Pb concentrations was determinate by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. In this research, was demonstrated that the plant living in non-contaminated soil does not show significant concentrations of these metals, while the plants from contaminated soils showed significant Cd and Pb concentrations. Assimilation of these metals was also assessed in an experimental fito-remediator system, with both soils existing near above mentioned factory, resulting in significant concentrations of these metals six months after the bush was planted. Finally, the bushes were planted on the contaminated site to confirm assimilation of these metals under field conditions, and we were able to detect a behavior similar to the one obtained with the experimental system for cadmium, and at a lesser extent for lead, which may be due to shorter exposure time during the latter experiment.
In the present word, we determined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contents in various organs of the plant Romerillo Americano (Helenium Quadridentatum Labill) present in contaminated and non-contaminated soils from Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua. Cd and Pb concentrations was determinate by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. In this research, was demonstrated that the plant living in non-contaminated soil does not show significant concentrations of these metals, while the plants from contaminated soils showed significant Cd and Pb concentrations. Assimilation of these metals was also assessed in an experimental fito-remediator system, with both soils existing near above mentioned factory, resulting in significant concentrations of these metals six months after the bush was planted. Finally, the bushes were planted on the contaminated site to confirm assimilation of these metals under field conditions, and we were able to detect a behavior similar to the one obtained with the experimental system for cadmium, and at a lesser extent for lead, which may be due to shorter exposure time during the latter experiment.
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Palabras clave
Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica, Contaminación Ambiental, Helenium Quadridentatum Labill, Romerillo Americano, Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua (ELQUIM), Villa Clara