Procedimiento general para el ruteo de vehículos a partir de la conformación de la carga. Aplicación en la distribución de productos en la Pasteurizadora Placetas
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Fowler Casademont, Roberto
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
A partir de la revisión bibliográfica realizada en la presente investigación, han
sido detectadas un grupo de deficiencias en el ruteo de vehículos que están
relacionadas con las técnicas y métodos utilizados para realizar la actividad de
ruteo. Éstas van más a la solución del problema que a establecer procedimientos
que guíen todo el proceso de establecer las rutas de distribución; la mayoría de
los métodos se enfocan en decidir la “mejor” ruta de una forma monocriterial, sin
tomar en consideración mas de un criterio, ni la naturaleza de la carga a
transportar o ni la influencia que pueda tener ésta en el diseño o trazado de la
ruta de distribución.
Los métodos de solución encontrados no permiten realizar las fases constructivas
y de mejoramiento considerando criterios múltiples, tanto para la selección de las
“mejores” rutas como para evaluar las mejoras; por otra parte, los procedimientos
registrados en la literatura no integran la selección del tipo de problema de ruteo
con el método de solución, evidencia fiel de esta afirmación es la no aparición en
la literatura consultada de algoritmos que integren la conformación de la carga al
problema de ruteo.
Se hace necesario por medio de la presente investigación, contribuir a superar
estas deficiencias, mediante el desarrollo de un procedimiento general para el
ruteo de vehículos partir de la conformación de la carga, de forma tal que se
considere la selección multicriterial de la “mejor” vía entre nodos/clientes, la
selección del tipo de problema de ruteo y el método de solución del mismo,
evidenciando de esta manera el manejo de criterios múltiples para la
construcción de las rutas, así como su posterior mejoramiento.
Como parte de la comprobación de la hipótesis de la investigación se aplicó
parcialmente el procedimiento general en la Pasteurizadora Placetas en la
distribución de productos múltiples obteniéndose ahorros por 1492.35 $/mes.
From the bibliographical revision realised in the present investigation, they have been detected a group of deficiencies in the ruteo of vehicles that are related to the techniques and used methods to realise the ruteo activity. These go more to the solution of the problem that to establish procedures that guide all the process to establish the distribution routes; the majority of the methods focuses in deciding “the better” route of a monocriterial form, without considering but from a criterion, neither the nature of the load to transport or nor the influence that can have this one in the design or drawing up of the distribution route. The found methods of solution do not allow to realise the constructive phases and of improvement being considered multiple criteria, as much for the selection of “the better” routes like evaluating the improvements; on the other hand, the procedures registered in Literature do not integrate the selection of the kind of problem of ruteo with the solution method, demonstrates faithful of this affirmation is the nonappearance in the consulted Literature of algorithms that integrate the conformation of the load to the routing problem. It becomes necessary by means of the present investigation, to contribute to overcome these deficiencies, by means of the development of a general procedure for the ruteo of vehicles to start off of the conformation of the load, so that one considers the multicriterial selection of the “best one” via between nodes/clients, the selection of the kind of routing problem and the method of solution of the same, demonstrating this way the handling of multiple criteria for the construction of the routes, as well as its later improvement. As it leaves from the test of hypothesis of the investigation were partially applied the general procedure in the Pasteurizadora Placetas in the multiple product distribution obtaining savings by 1492.35 $/month
From the bibliographical revision realised in the present investigation, they have been detected a group of deficiencies in the ruteo of vehicles that are related to the techniques and used methods to realise the ruteo activity. These go more to the solution of the problem that to establish procedures that guide all the process to establish the distribution routes; the majority of the methods focuses in deciding “the better” route of a monocriterial form, without considering but from a criterion, neither the nature of the load to transport or nor the influence that can have this one in the design or drawing up of the distribution route. The found methods of solution do not allow to realise the constructive phases and of improvement being considered multiple criteria, as much for the selection of “the better” routes like evaluating the improvements; on the other hand, the procedures registered in Literature do not integrate the selection of the kind of problem of ruteo with the solution method, demonstrates faithful of this affirmation is the nonappearance in the consulted Literature of algorithms that integrate the conformation of the load to the routing problem. It becomes necessary by means of the present investigation, to contribute to overcome these deficiencies, by means of the development of a general procedure for the ruteo of vehicles to start off of the conformation of the load, so that one considers the multicriterial selection of the “best one” via between nodes/clients, the selection of the kind of routing problem and the method of solution of the same, demonstrating this way the handling of multiple criteria for the construction of the routes, as well as its later improvement. As it leaves from the test of hypothesis of the investigation were partially applied the general procedure in the Pasteurizadora Placetas in the multiple product distribution obtaining savings by 1492.35 $/month