Validación del instrumento de recogida de información para evaluar la percepción de riesgo en hipertensos
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2020
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Arias Capote, José Carlos
Molerio Pérez, Osana
Pérez Inerárity, Maydell
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Introducción: en el municipio de Remedios, Villa Clara, se desarrolla una estrategia para promover la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes hipertensos, que asume la percepción de riesgo como ente modulador; en este marco, se hizo necesaria la construcción y validación de un instrumento para su medición. Objetivo: presentar el proceso de construcción del cuestionario, así como la validación de contenido, criterio, constructo, y la evaluación de su confiabilidad. Métodos: la muestra empleada fue de 444 hipertensos esenciales, de las tres áreas de Remedios. La validación de contenido se realizó según expertos; la de criterio por la correlación de Spearman y la de constructo por análisis de componentes principales. La confiabilidad se calculó por el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: el coeficiente de concordancia entre expertos fue de 0,80 para los criterios: razonable, comprensible y sensible a variación. Esto demostró que las categorías incluidas en el instrumento son apropiadas. El estadígrafo Rho de Spearman fue de 0,77 con significación bilateral en el nivel de 0,01, para la correlación entre adherencia terapéutica y percepción de riesgo. El análisis multivariado por componentes principales sugirió la presencia de tres dimensiones: cognitivo-valorativa, afectivo-motivacional, e intencional-conductual. El Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,82, lo que confirmó la confiabilidad del cuestionario. Conclusiones: los resultados mostrados a través de las pruebas de validez y confiabilidad demostraron que el cuestionario es un instrumento apto para su uso y aplicación, según los objetivos perseguidos en su construcción, tanto para la investigación como para el trabajo del médico de la atención primaria. DeCS: estudios de validación como asunto; cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento; hipertensión; indicadores de salud.
Introduction: a strategy is being developed to promote therapeutic adherence in hypertensive patients in Remedios municipality, Villa Clara which assumes risk perception as a modulating entity; within this framework, it became necessary to build and validate an instrument to measure it. Objective: to present the process of the questionnaire construction, as well as the validation of content, criteria, construct, and evaluation of its reliability. Methods: the sample used was 444 essential hypertensives from three areas of Remedios. Content validation was done according to experts; criteria validation by Spearman's correlation and construct validation by principal component analysis. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Results: coefficient of agreement among experts was 0.80 for the criteria: reasonable, understandable and sensitive to variation. This showed that the categories included in the instrument are appropriate. Spearman's Rho statistician was 0.77 with bilateral significance at the level of 0.01, for correlation between therapeutic adherence and risk perception. Multivariate analysis by main components suggested the presence of three dimensions: cognitive-valuable, affective-motivational, and intentional-behavioral. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.82, which confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusions: the results shown through the validity and reliability tests demonstrated that the questionnaire is an instrument suitable for use and application, according to the objectives pursued in its construction, both for research and for the work of the primary care physician. DeCS: treatment adherence and compliance; hypertension; validation studies as topic; health status indicators
Introduction: a strategy is being developed to promote therapeutic adherence in hypertensive patients in Remedios municipality, Villa Clara which assumes risk perception as a modulating entity; within this framework, it became necessary to build and validate an instrument to measure it. Objective: to present the process of the questionnaire construction, as well as the validation of content, criteria, construct, and evaluation of its reliability. Methods: the sample used was 444 essential hypertensives from three areas of Remedios. Content validation was done according to experts; criteria validation by Spearman's correlation and construct validation by principal component analysis. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Results: coefficient of agreement among experts was 0.80 for the criteria: reasonable, understandable and sensitive to variation. This showed that the categories included in the instrument are appropriate. Spearman's Rho statistician was 0.77 with bilateral significance at the level of 0.01, for correlation between therapeutic adherence and risk perception. Multivariate analysis by main components suggested the presence of three dimensions: cognitive-valuable, affective-motivational, and intentional-behavioral. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.82, which confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusions: the results shown through the validity and reliability tests demonstrated that the questionnaire is an instrument suitable for use and application, according to the objectives pursued in its construction, both for research and for the work of the primary care physician. DeCS: treatment adherence and compliance; hypertension; validation studies as topic; health status indicators
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