Epifitiología de enfermedades y daños en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) en la Empresa Agropecuaria “Valle del Yabú”
Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Castellón Méndez, Asiel
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Entre las causas fundamentales de tan bajos rendimientos en el cultivo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) se encuentra la utilización de cultivares no adaptados a las condiciones climáticas. El trabajo se realizó en la UBPC 3 “Jesús Menéndez”, perteneciente a la empresa agropecuaria “Valle del Yabú”, en el municipio de Santa Clara; durante la campaña de frío de enero del 2019 a marzo del 2019. Con el objetivo de evaluar los danos ocacionados por Alternaria solani Sorauer y Stemphylium solani Webber en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) cultivar Desquite bajo condiciones de producción. La distancia de siembra empleada fue de 1,40 m x 0,30 m. Se realizaron tres muestreos para evaluar la intensidad de las enfermedades y los daños causados en el cultivo del tomate y su relación con el clima. Las variables climáticas fueron registradas por la Estación Meteorológica del “Yabú”, teniendo en cuentas las variables siguientes: precipitaciones (Pp), humedad relativa (Hr), temperatura (Temp). Los hongos Alternaria solani Sorauer y Stemphylium solani Webber aumentaron la intensidad con el desarrollo del cultivo. El aumento de la humedad y temperatura influyeron en el desarrollo A. solani y S. solani. El daño causado en flores fue incrementándose con el desarrollo del cultivo. En frutos el 50 % de los daños fue producto a enfermedades fungosas y el 50 % por efecto de la temperatura. El efecto de la humedad y temperatura que provocaron daños en frutos como aborto floral y pudriciones.
Among the fundamental causes of such low yields in the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) is the use of cultivars not adapted to climatic conditions. The work was carried out in the UBPC 3 "Jesús Menéndez", belonging to the agricultural company "Valle del Yabú", in the municipality of Santa Clara; during the cold season from January 2019 to March 2019. In order to evaluate the damage caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer and Stemphylium solani Webber in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) cultivate Desquite under production conditions. The planting distance used was 1.40 m x 0.30 m. Three samplings were carried out to evaluate the intensity of the diseases and the damages caused in the cultivation of tomato and its relation with the climate. The climatic variables were recorded by the "Yabú" Meteorological Station, taking into account the following variables: rainfall (Pp), relative humidity (Hr), temperature (Temp). Alternaria solani Sorauer and Stemphylium solani Webber increased the intensity with crop development. Increased humidity and temperature influenced the development of Alternaria solani and Stemphylium solani. Damage to flowers increased with crop development. In fruits 50% of the damage was caused by fungal diseases and 50% by the effect of temperature. The effect of humidity and temperature that caused damage to fruits such as floral abortion and rotting.
Among the fundamental causes of such low yields in the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) is the use of cultivars not adapted to climatic conditions. The work was carried out in the UBPC 3 "Jesús Menéndez", belonging to the agricultural company "Valle del Yabú", in the municipality of Santa Clara; during the cold season from January 2019 to March 2019. In order to evaluate the damage caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer and Stemphylium solani Webber in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) cultivate Desquite under production conditions. The planting distance used was 1.40 m x 0.30 m. Three samplings were carried out to evaluate the intensity of the diseases and the damages caused in the cultivation of tomato and its relation with the climate. The climatic variables were recorded by the "Yabú" Meteorological Station, taking into account the following variables: rainfall (Pp), relative humidity (Hr), temperature (Temp). Alternaria solani Sorauer and Stemphylium solani Webber increased the intensity with crop development. Increased humidity and temperature influenced the development of Alternaria solani and Stemphylium solani. Damage to flowers increased with crop development. In fruits 50% of the damage was caused by fungal diseases and 50% by the effect of temperature. The effect of humidity and temperature that caused damage to fruits such as floral abortion and rotting.
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Palabras clave
Tomate, Empresa Agropecuaria “Valle del Yabú”, Solanum Lycopersicum Mill