Toxicidad asociada a ciguatoxinas en especies de peces de la región sur central de Cuba
Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Padrón López, Gissell
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu " de Las Villas
Resumen
Entre los
métodos
actualmente
emple
a
dos
para la
detección y cuantificación
de
ciguatoxinas se e
ncuentra el
Ensayo de Unión al R
eceptor (RBA)
. Se basa e
n la
interacción específica entre
las toxinas y su blanco farmacológico.
Aun
cuando es
utiliza
do
en varios laboratorios en el mundo como método de monitoreo
,
no ha sido
validado para este fin.
En este
estudio se
caracterizaron
los parámetros de control
en
función de
l
desempeño analítico
del ensayo
y
se cuantificaron
las
concentraciones de
ciguatoxinas en extractos de peces
utilizando
el RBA
.
La
EC
50
y la pendiente
de la curva
fueron caracterizados
a pa
rtir del análisis de 28 curvas estándar
es
estableciendo los
rangos de variabilidad en un 20% para ambos parámetros.
Se cuantificaron las
concentraciones de
ciguatoxinas en extractos de 65 ejemplares de pescado
s colectados
en un área localizada en
Puntalón
(Provincia Matanzas)
conocida por el riesgo de
ciguatera. Se encontraron las mayores concentraciones en los
carnívoros, aunque s
e
registraron
altos niveles en especímenes de peces herbívoros
, lo cual
representa el
primer reporte
de toxicidad en
herbívoros
para el Caribe
.
Se estableció una correlación
moderada baja y significativa entre la toxicidad
de los individuos
y el nivel trófico al que
pertenecen
, lo cual sugiere
la ocurrencia de biomagnificación
en la trama alimentaria. Sin
embargo,
el hallazgo de
to
xicidad
en
peces herbívoros
indica que esto
s también podrían
servir como vectores de intoxicación en el
humano
, a pesar de la falta de casos de
ciguatera reportados debido al consumo de peces herbívoros
en Cuba
y en el área del
Caribe
.
The Receptor binding assay (RBA) is one of the methods currently used for the detection an d quantification of ciguatoxins. It is based on the specific interaction between th e toxins and their pharmacological target. Even when it is used in several laboratories in the world as a monitoring method, it has not been validated for this purpose yet . In this study, the control parameters of the assay were characterized according to the ir analytical performance and the concentrations of ciguatoxins in fish extracts were quantified using th is method. The EC 50 and the slope of the curve were characterized based upon the analysis of 28 standard curves establishing the variability ranges of 20% for both parameters. The concentrations of ciguatoxins were quantified in extracts of 65 specimens of fish collected in an area located in Puntalón ( Provinc e Matanzas) known for the risk of ciguatera. The highest concentrations were found in carniv ores, although high levels were registered in specimens of herbivorous fish, which represents the first report of toxicity in herbivore for the Caribbean. A moderate - low correlation was established between the toxicity of the individuals and their trophic level, which suggests the occurrence of biomagnification in the food web. However, the finding of toxicity in herbivorous fish indicates that these could also serve as vectors of intoxication in humans , despite the lack of cases of ciguatera reported due t o the consumption of herbivorous fish in Cuba and in the Caribbean area.
The Receptor binding assay (RBA) is one of the methods currently used for the detection an d quantification of ciguatoxins. It is based on the specific interaction between th e toxins and their pharmacological target. Even when it is used in several laboratories in the world as a monitoring method, it has not been validated for this purpose yet . In this study, the control parameters of the assay were characterized according to the ir analytical performance and the concentrations of ciguatoxins in fish extracts were quantified using th is method. The EC 50 and the slope of the curve were characterized based upon the analysis of 28 standard curves establishing the variability ranges of 20% for both parameters. The concentrations of ciguatoxins were quantified in extracts of 65 specimens of fish collected in an area located in Puntalón ( Provinc e Matanzas) known for the risk of ciguatera. The highest concentrations were found in carniv ores, although high levels were registered in specimens of herbivorous fish, which represents the first report of toxicity in herbivore for the Caribbean. A moderate - low correlation was established between the toxicity of the individuals and their trophic level, which suggests the occurrence of biomagnification in the food web. However, the finding of toxicity in herbivorous fish indicates that these could also serve as vectors of intoxication in humans , despite the lack of cases of ciguatera reported due t o the consumption of herbivorous fish in Cuba and in the Caribbean area.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Bioacumulación, Biomagnificación, Ciguatera, Ensayo de Unión al Receptor, Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, Ciguatera, Receptor Binding Assay