Estudio de la Tipología de la vivienda aislada del Movimiento Moderno en Santa Clara
Fecha
2014-07-04
Autores
Cabanes Martínez, Dianet
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
El Movimiento Moderno llega a Santa Clara en los últimos años de la década del 40 para implantarse como estilo constructivo a lo largo de los años 50, en los nuevos repartos que fueron surgiendo. Este movimiento se hizo evidente fundamentalmente en las viviendas individuales cambiando y mejorando la imagen de la ciudad.
A lo largo de los años La Habana ha sido el centro de estudios sobre este tema, no siendo así en el resto del país; lo planteado anteriormente arrojó como problema científico de esta investigación la carencia de un estudio de la arquitectura doméstica del Movimiento Moderno desarrollada en la ciudad de Santa Clara y se fijó como objetivo general determinar las regularidades de la arquitectura moderna en la vivienda individual de la ciudad, específicamente en los repartos de nuevo desarrollo, donde alcanzó su máximo esplendor.
Se abordan en el presente trabajo aspectos teóricos y conceptuales sobre los términos tipo, tipología y Movimiento Moderno, además de sintetizar aspectos del surgimiento y evolución de este movimiento en el contexto internacional, latinoamericano y nacional, enfatizando en la vivienda individual.
Dicha caracterización se llevó a cabo en los repartos Residencial Escambray, Residencial Capiro, Riviera y determinados ejemplos en otros repartos. En ella se empleó como procedimiento metodológico el uso de cinco variables de investigación las cuales fueron:
-Emplazamiento urbano y relación con el contexto inmediato.
-Solución planimétrica y espacial.
-Solución formal.
-Afiliaciones estilísticas.
-Soluciones técnico – constructivas.
La caracterización realizada permitió definir los tipos vigentes en la arquitectura de la ciudad. El estudio permitió identificar la variedad de soluciones en las viviendas individuales del Movimiento Moderno en Santa Clara; demostrando la importancia de esta arquitectura que ya se convierte en un patrimonio digno de conservar y restaurar.
The Modern Movement comes to Santa Clara in the last years of the 40s implemented as building style for over 50 years, in the new deals that were emerging. This movement was mainly evident in individual homes changing and improving the image of the city. Throughout the years Havana has been the focus of studies on this subject, not the case in the rest of the country; I raised previously showed as a scientific problem of this research the lack of a study of the domestic architecture of the Modern Movement developed in the city of Santa Clara and set as an overall objective to determine the regularities of modern architecture in the individual living in the city, specifically in the distributions of new development, where it reached its peak. Theoretical and conceptual aspects of the terms type, topology and modernism are discussed in this paper, in addition to synthesizing aspects of the emergence and evolution of this movement at the international, national and Latin American context, emphasizing the individual home. This characterization was performed in the Escambray distributions Residential, Residential Capiro, Riviera and some examples in other distributions. It was used as a methodological procedure using five research variables which were: -Urban location and relation to the immediate context. -Planimetric and spatial solution. -Formal solution. -Stylistic membership. -Constructive - Technical Solutions. The characterization made it possible to define the types prevailing on the architecture of the city. The study identified the variety of solutions in individual homes of the Modern Movement in Santa Clara; demonstrating the importance of this architecture and becomes a heritage worth preserving and restoring.
The Modern Movement comes to Santa Clara in the last years of the 40s implemented as building style for over 50 years, in the new deals that were emerging. This movement was mainly evident in individual homes changing and improving the image of the city. Throughout the years Havana has been the focus of studies on this subject, not the case in the rest of the country; I raised previously showed as a scientific problem of this research the lack of a study of the domestic architecture of the Modern Movement developed in the city of Santa Clara and set as an overall objective to determine the regularities of modern architecture in the individual living in the city, specifically in the distributions of new development, where it reached its peak. Theoretical and conceptual aspects of the terms type, topology and modernism are discussed in this paper, in addition to synthesizing aspects of the emergence and evolution of this movement at the international, national and Latin American context, emphasizing the individual home. This characterization was performed in the Escambray distributions Residential, Residential Capiro, Riviera and some examples in other distributions. It was used as a methodological procedure using five research variables which were: -Urban location and relation to the immediate context. -Planimetric and spatial solution. -Formal solution. -Stylistic membership. -Constructive - Technical Solutions. The characterization made it possible to define the types prevailing on the architecture of the city. The study identified the variety of solutions in individual homes of the Modern Movement in Santa Clara; demonstrating the importance of this architecture and becomes a heritage worth preserving and restoring.
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Palabras clave
Movimiento Moderno, Tipología de Vivienda Aislada, Arquitectura Moderna, Modern Movement, Modern Architecture, Isolated Housing Typology