Procedimiento para el análisis y mejora de rutas en cadenas de productos lácteos con enfoque multicriterio. Aplicación a la distribución en la Cadena de Suministro de Leche Fluida Pasteurizada en la Pasteurizadota de Sancti Spíritus
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Fecha
2008-07-25
Autores
Gómez Reyes, Roberto
Carbonell Marín, Niurka
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La toma de decisiones logísticas con enfoque multicriterio posee una importancia significativa en el aumento del desempeño de la distribución y el mejoramiento del Nivel de Servicio al Cliente (NSC). Tradicionalmente, las decisiones de este tipo se han basado únicamente en la subjetividad de los miembros de las organizaciones dedicadas a la producción de derivados de productos lácteos, y en el mejor de los casos, a partir de modelos desarrollados que excluyen el tratamiento de múltiples criterios de decisión, que en la práctica, pueden entrar en conflicto.
En esta investigación se superan estas insuficiencias mediante el desarrollo y aplicación parcial de un procedimiento general y sus procedimientos específicos para el análisis y mejora de rutas con enfoque multicriterio, quien constituye una novedad científica en la cadena de la Leche fluida Pasteurizada. Los tres procedimientos específicos desarrollados se dirigieron: al diagnóstico, a la determinación del NSC y al análisis y mejora de las rutas con enfoque multicriterio. Los resultados obtenidos, que al mismo tiempo sirvieron de validación, estuvieron precedidos por el análisis de algunos de los principales términos y definiciones que engloban las temáticas de toma de decisiones, métodos multicriterios, NSC, ruteo de vehículos y Gestión de la cadena de suministro, quienes se adecuaron a las condiciones específicas en que opera el objeto de estudio. Los procedimientos aplicados permitieron detallar el estado actual de la cadena seleccionada y la relevancia en el mismo del ruteo de vehículos, determinar el NSC, el indicador propuesto en la investigación (IINDD) y analizar y mejorar el estado actual de las rutas de distribución, todo lo que fue corroborado por la auditoría del sistema con las mejoras en el recálculo del IINDD y el NSC.
The logistical decision-making process with a multicriteria approach possesses a significant importance in increasing the distribution performance and improving the Customer Service Level (CSL). Traditionally, such decisions have only been based on the empiricism, subjectivity and routines of the organizations members dedicated to dairy products productions, and in the best cases, on developed models that exclude the treatment of multiple decision criterias, which in practice may become a conflict. In this research these shortcomings are overcome by developing and applying partially a general procedure and its specific procedures for the analysis and improvement of routes with a multicriteria approach, which is a novelty in this object of practical study. The three developed specific procedures were addressed to: the diagnosis, the determination of the CSL and the analysis and improvement of routes with a multicriteria approach. The achieved results, which at the same time served as a validation, were preceded by an analysis of some key terms and definitions that encompasses the theme of decision-making, multicriteria methods, CSL, vehicles routing problem and supply chain management (SCM), who were adapted to the chain specific operative conditions. The procedures applied allowed to detail the selected chain current state and the relevance in it of the vehicle routing problem, to determine the CSL and the proposed Integral Indicator of the Distribution Performance Level (IIDPL) and finally to analyze and improve the current state of distribution routes, what was corroborated by the system audit and the recalculation of the IIDPL and the CSL.
The logistical decision-making process with a multicriteria approach possesses a significant importance in increasing the distribution performance and improving the Customer Service Level (CSL). Traditionally, such decisions have only been based on the empiricism, subjectivity and routines of the organizations members dedicated to dairy products productions, and in the best cases, on developed models that exclude the treatment of multiple decision criterias, which in practice may become a conflict. In this research these shortcomings are overcome by developing and applying partially a general procedure and its specific procedures for the analysis and improvement of routes with a multicriteria approach, which is a novelty in this object of practical study. The three developed specific procedures were addressed to: the diagnosis, the determination of the CSL and the analysis and improvement of routes with a multicriteria approach. The achieved results, which at the same time served as a validation, were preceded by an analysis of some key terms and definitions that encompasses the theme of decision-making, multicriteria methods, CSL, vehicles routing problem and supply chain management (SCM), who were adapted to the chain specific operative conditions. The procedures applied allowed to detail the selected chain current state and the relevance in it of the vehicle routing problem, to determine the CSL and the proposed Integral Indicator of the Distribution Performance Level (IIDPL) and finally to analyze and improve the current state of distribution routes, what was corroborated by the system audit and the recalculation of the IIDPL and the CSL.
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Palabras clave
Servicio al Cliente, Suministro, Gestión, Productos Lácteos, Pasteurizadoras, Sancti Spíritus