Poblaciones de arroz favorecen la obtención de cultivares que contribuyen a disminuir las pérdidas en la cosecha mecanizada
Fecha
2018-12-12
Autores
Flores del Castillo, Eldo Yoel
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola
Resumen
En la Estación de Investigaciones de Granos “Sur del Jíbaro”, en la provincia Sancti Spíritus, durante la campaña húmeda 2016-2017, se evaluaron dos poblaciones de arroz para determinar la variabilidad genética en base a sus caracteres morfoagronómicos. PIACuba-4 y PIACuba-5 son poblaciones portadoras del gen de androesterilidad, obtenidas por mejora poblacional a través de la selección recurrente. Estas fueron sembradas en parcelas mediante la tecnología de trasplante, en un área que comprendía 700 m2. Para evaluar las plantas de forma individual se adoptó un marco de siembra de 0.30 x 0.25m, los caracteres evaluados fueron: longitud del tallo, rendimiento por planta, cantidad de granos por panícula, longitud de las panículas, número de hijos por planta, longitud de los granos y peso de mil granos. Los datos se procesaron mediante una estadística descriptiva para datos agrupados por distribución de frecuencias; en ambas poblaciones se observó variabilidad genética y esta varió en dependencia de la población y el carácter evaluado. Se logró determinar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones PIACuba-4 y PIACuba-5, los caracteres que mostraron mayor coeficiente de variación fueron la longitud del tallo, el rendimiento por planta, el número de granos por panícula y el número de hijos por planta. Otros caracteres como la longitud de la panícula, longitud de los granos y peso de 1000 granos mostraron coeficientes de variación moderados. A partir de la evaluación morfoagronómica de las poblaciones, se seleccionaron plantas promisorias con características apropiadas para la cosecha mecanizada y se colectaron semillas de 120 líneas seleccionadas, 66 originadas de la población PIACuba-4 y 54 derivadas de PIACuba-5.
At the "Sur del Jíbaro" Grain Research Station, in Sancti Spíritus province, during the 2016-2017 wet season, two rice populations were evaluated to determine genetic variability based on their morphoagronomic characters. PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 are populations carrying the androsterility gene, obtained by population improvement through recurrent selection. These, were planted in plots through transplant technology, in an area that included 700 m2. To evaluate the plants individually a seeding frame of 0.30 x 0.25m was adopted, the evaluated characters were: stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle, length of the panicles, number of stems per plant, length of the grains and weight of 1000 grains. The data was processed by descriptive statistics for data grouped by distribution of frequency; in both populations, genetic variability was observed and this varied depending on the population and the evaluated character. The genetic variability of PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 populations was determined, the characters that showed the highest coefficient of variation were stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle and number of stem per plant. Other characters such as panicle length, grain length and weight of 1000 grains showed moderate coefficients of variation. From the morphoagronomic evaluation of the populations, promising plants with appropriate characteristics for the mechanized harvest were selected and seeds of 120 selected lines were collected, 66 originated from the PIACuba-4 population and 54 derived from PIACuba-5.
At the "Sur del Jíbaro" Grain Research Station, in Sancti Spíritus province, during the 2016-2017 wet season, two rice populations were evaluated to determine genetic variability based on their morphoagronomic characters. PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 are populations carrying the androsterility gene, obtained by population improvement through recurrent selection. These, were planted in plots through transplant technology, in an area that included 700 m2. To evaluate the plants individually a seeding frame of 0.30 x 0.25m was adopted, the evaluated characters were: stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle, length of the panicles, number of stems per plant, length of the grains and weight of 1000 grains. The data was processed by descriptive statistics for data grouped by distribution of frequency; in both populations, genetic variability was observed and this varied depending on the population and the evaluated character. The genetic variability of PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 populations was determined, the characters that showed the highest coefficient of variation were stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle and number of stem per plant. Other characters such as panicle length, grain length and weight of 1000 grains showed moderate coefficients of variation. From the morphoagronomic evaluation of the populations, promising plants with appropriate characteristics for the mechanized harvest were selected and seeds of 120 selected lines were collected, 66 originated from the PIACuba-4 population and 54 derived from PIACuba-5.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Cosecha Mecánica, Arroz