Percepción de riesgo sobre el alcoholismo en adolescentes de la Secundaria Básica “Carlos Mengana Ayala.
Fecha
2010-05-24
Autores
García de la Cruz, Cesilio
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
El enfrentamiento a las drogas por su negativa repercusión para la salud y la sociedad constituye hoy una prioridad para nuestro país y su prevención desde etapas tempranasde la vida es un principio fundamental. Desde esta perspectiva, se realiza un estudio exploratorio descriptivo para evaluar la percepción de riesgo que sobre el alcoholismo tienen los adolescentes de la Secundaria Básica “Carlos Mengana Ayala” del municipio de Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, en el primer semestre del curso escolar 2010 -2011. El universo de estudio estuvo integrado por todos los estudiantes de dicha escuela, con una muestra de 363 adolescentes. Se empleó un sistema de encuestas que recogen variables de interés como: nivel de conocimientos que tienen sobre esta droga, representación social sobre el consumo de alcohol, percepción de riesgo sobre el alcoholismo; así como, una encuesta destinada a identificar el comportamiento ante el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes estudiados, su familia y la comunidad.
Además, se empleó la técnica del grupo focal para profundizar en su representación y valoración sobre la temática investigada.
Los resultados muestran que aunque los adolescentes poseen un conocimiento parcial del alcoholismo, presentan una baja percepción de riesgo sobre sus consecuencias y del riesgo personal que cada uno tiene al exponerse al consumo de esta droga. Resulta elevado el número de familias con algún miembro que ingiere bebidas alcohólicas frecuentemente y las actividades recreativas de la comunidad donde se expenden estas bebidas. La generalidad de los adolescentes investigados ya han tenido experiencias de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas motivados por “creencias erróneas” sobre sus efectos placenteros. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de una estrategia integral para la prevención de esta problemática. Es fundamental el papel de la familia y la escuela como instituciones socializadoras
Fighting against drugs due its negative influence against health and society has become today a maximum priority for our country and its prevention since early age, a fundamental principle. From this perspective a descriptive and exploratory study is done to evaluate the knowledge adolescents have towards alcoholism in “Carlos Mengana Ayala” Secondary School, located in Santa Clara, Villa Clara province. The period of time analyzed is the first semester of 2010 – 2011. The sample of study was 363 students of this school. The results of this project are based on a system of surveys that include the following: • Level of knowledge about this drug. • Social perceptions about alcoholism. • Social perception about the risk of alcohol consumption. Another survey was done with the purpose of knowing the student′s behaviour before alcohol consumption and influence in their families and the community. It was also used the Group Technique to emphasize their opinion about the theme studied The results showed that though adolescents have a partial notion about alcoholism and its risks, they have a low perception of its consumption. There is a high percent of families in which one of the members is a frequent alcolic drinker. The majority of our sample has experienced alcoholic beverages motivated by the wrong idea of its false pleasure. This shows us the imperative need of and integrated strategy to prevent this problem. It is of paramount importance the role played by the family and the school and social regulator.
Fighting against drugs due its negative influence against health and society has become today a maximum priority for our country and its prevention since early age, a fundamental principle. From this perspective a descriptive and exploratory study is done to evaluate the knowledge adolescents have towards alcoholism in “Carlos Mengana Ayala” Secondary School, located in Santa Clara, Villa Clara province. The period of time analyzed is the first semester of 2010 – 2011. The sample of study was 363 students of this school. The results of this project are based on a system of surveys that include the following: • Level of knowledge about this drug. • Social perceptions about alcoholism. • Social perception about the risk of alcohol consumption. Another survey was done with the purpose of knowing the student′s behaviour before alcohol consumption and influence in their families and the community. It was also used the Group Technique to emphasize their opinion about the theme studied The results showed that though adolescents have a partial notion about alcoholism and its risks, they have a low perception of its consumption. There is a high percent of families in which one of the members is a frequent alcolic drinker. The majority of our sample has experienced alcoholic beverages motivated by the wrong idea of its false pleasure. This shows us the imperative need of and integrated strategy to prevent this problem. It is of paramount importance the role played by the family and the school and social regulator.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Adolescencia, Adicciones, Alcoholismo, Percepción de Riesgo,, Conducta de Consumo, Adolescence, Addiction, Alcoholism, Risk Perception, Behaviour of Consumption.