Planeación del sistema de gestión ambiental en el Hotel Meliá “Las dunas”
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Paz Martínez, Claudia
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Turismo
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El impulsado crecimiento del turismo en los últimos años ha venido acompañado de una gran preocupación por los impactos que el sector puede llegar a producir al Medio Ambiente, motivo que ha llevado a la promulgación de leyes y normas a nivel internacional y nacional en pos de lograr una gestión turística sostenible. En este contexto se inserta el Hotel Meliá “Las Dunas”, instalación que ha presentado problemas en cuanto a su desempeño ambiental, debido fundamentalmente a la ausencia de esta dimensión en la gestión empresarial. En este sentido, la presente investigación propone un programa para la planeación de un Sistema de Gestión Ambiental que provea al hotel de una herramienta que permita integrar la gestión del medio ambiente con la política estratégica de la instalación y comprometa a directivos y trabajadores con esta labor. Para ello se realizó un análisis bibliográfico que devino en la aplicación de dos procedimientos científicamente fundamentados; la metodología para el Reconocimiento Ambiental propuesta por el CITMA en 2012 con el fin de diagnosticar el estado actual de la situación ambiental, y el procedimiento propuesto por Vivian Martínez en 2009 para la planeación del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental basado en la Norma ISO 14001:2004. Fueron empleados diversos métodos y técnicas de la investigación, tales como la encuesta, la entrevista, el análisis de documentos y la observación directa. Los resultados de la investigación son expuestos en una Política Ambiental, con sus objetivos, metas y acciones que contribuyen a mitigar los impactos ambientales que se generan.
The strong growth of tourism in recent years has been accompanied by a great concern about the impacts that the sector may have on the environment, which has led to the enactment of international and national laws and regulations in order to achieve a sustainable touristic management. In this context is inserted Meliá "Las Dunas" Hotel, an installation that has presented problems in terms of its environmental activity, mainly due to the absence of this dimension in the business management. In this sense, the present research proposes a program for the planning of an Environmental Management System which provides to the hotel a tool that allows the integration of the environmental management with the strategic policy of the hotel and the compromise of managers and workers with this function. For this, a bibliographic analysis was carried out, which resulted in the application of two scientifically-based procedures, the methodology for the Environmental Recognition proposed by the CITMA in 2012 for the diagnosis of the current state of the environmental situation and the procedure proposed by Vivian Martínez in 2009 for the planning of the Environmental Management System based on ISO 14001: 2004. Were employed several research methods and techniques, such as: survey, interview, document analysis and direct observation. The results of the research are presented in the form of objectives that respond to the principles of the Environmental Policy and actions that respond to those objectives and contribute to mitigate the environmental impacts that are generated.
The strong growth of tourism in recent years has been accompanied by a great concern about the impacts that the sector may have on the environment, which has led to the enactment of international and national laws and regulations in order to achieve a sustainable touristic management. In this context is inserted Meliá "Las Dunas" Hotel, an installation that has presented problems in terms of its environmental activity, mainly due to the absence of this dimension in the business management. In this sense, the present research proposes a program for the planning of an Environmental Management System which provides to the hotel a tool that allows the integration of the environmental management with the strategic policy of the hotel and the compromise of managers and workers with this function. For this, a bibliographic analysis was carried out, which resulted in the application of two scientifically-based procedures, the methodology for the Environmental Recognition proposed by the CITMA in 2012 for the diagnosis of the current state of the environmental situation and the procedure proposed by Vivian Martínez in 2009 for the planning of the Environmental Management System based on ISO 14001: 2004. Were employed several research methods and techniques, such as: survey, interview, document analysis and direct observation. The results of the research are presented in the form of objectives that respond to the principles of the Environmental Policy and actions that respond to those objectives and contribute to mitigate the environmental impacts that are generated.