Efecto de la aplicación de ceniza y otras prácticas alternativas a la fertilización química en la caña de azúcar y en la fertilidad de los suelos Ferralíticos Rojos
Fecha
2011-07-06
Autores
Vidaurre Fox, Mario
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En Cuba se produce como residuo de la industria azucarera una enorme cantidad de ceniza, la cual se almacena en pilas a la intemperie, constituyendo un riesgo de contaminación ambiental. Este residuo pudiera ser utilizado pero no existen suficientes resultados acerca de su uso. Esa ceniza es portadora de nutrimentos tales como fósforo y potasio por lo que pudiera ser utilizada como abono sobre todo en la producción de azúcar orgánica y en otras áreas pobres en esos elementos para la caña no orgánica y para otros cultivos, que no son fertilizadas por carecer de los agroquímicos necesarios, generalmente importados. Por otra parte, se carece de suficiente información para determinar las dosis adecuadas. Con el objetivo de obtener una orientación sobre la cuantía de estas dosis, además de conocer el efecto que medidas tales como la aplicación de micorriza y compost conjuntamente con ceniza pudieran tener sobre la efectividad de tal abonado se llevaron a cabo un experimento de campo y dos en macetas con suelos Ferralíticos Rojos Típicos. Se ofrecen resultados sobre las dosis más convenientes a aplicar de ceniza en caña de azúcar conjuntamente con compost y en una planta indicadora (maíz) con micorriza y compost, además de su efecto sobre el suelo.
In Cuba, ash, that results as an industrial residue of cane sugar production is produced in huge amounts and represents a potential pollutant risk. This residue could be used as fertilizer, but there are not enough information about its use. Cane ash contents such nutrients as Phosphor and Potassium, so it could be mainly used as fertilizer in the organic production of sugar and in other areas poor in Phosphor and Potassium dedicated to the non organic sugar cane production and for other crops that are not fertilized because of the lack of necessary, generally expensive, agro chemicals. On the other hand, there is lacks of information to determine the appropriate dosage. With the objective of obtaining an orientation on the quantity of these doses, besides knowing the effect that such measured as Mycorrhiza and compost application jointly with ash could have about the effectiveness of ash application, a field experiment and two pot experiments were carried out with Typical Red Ferralític Soils (Rhodic Eutrustoxs, after Soil Taxonomy, 2006). Results about the most convenient doses to apply ash with compost in sugar cane, and about the effect of ash with Mycorrhiza and compost on the soil and plants, using an indicator plant (maiz), are presented in this work.
In Cuba, ash, that results as an industrial residue of cane sugar production is produced in huge amounts and represents a potential pollutant risk. This residue could be used as fertilizer, but there are not enough information about its use. Cane ash contents such nutrients as Phosphor and Potassium, so it could be mainly used as fertilizer in the organic production of sugar and in other areas poor in Phosphor and Potassium dedicated to the non organic sugar cane production and for other crops that are not fertilized because of the lack of necessary, generally expensive, agro chemicals. On the other hand, there is lacks of information to determine the appropriate dosage. With the objective of obtaining an orientation on the quantity of these doses, besides knowing the effect that such measured as Mycorrhiza and compost application jointly with ash could have about the effectiveness of ash application, a field experiment and two pot experiments were carried out with Typical Red Ferralític Soils (Rhodic Eutrustoxs, after Soil Taxonomy, 2006). Results about the most convenient doses to apply ash with compost in sugar cane, and about the effect of ash with Mycorrhiza and compost on the soil and plants, using an indicator plant (maiz), are presented in this work.
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Palabras clave
Ceniza, Suelos