Análisis de la lixiviación y biodisponibilidad del arsénico en los residuos sólidos mineros del proceso de beneficiamiento de la Planta de Procesamiento de Minerales Auríferos del municipio Placetas
Fecha
2018
Autores
Romero Pérez, Disnel
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura Química
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se determinaron los contenidos de arsénico en muestras de residuos mineros (colas) de la planta de beneficiamiento de minerales auríferos del municipio Placetas, provincia de Villa Clara. Se determinaron las características físicas geoquímicas generales como: densidad real, densidad aparente, densidad compactada, porosidad, granulometría, pH y conductividad mostrando tamaños de partícula muy finos tipo arenas, con alta porosidad y elevados valores de conductividad y pH. La determinación de arsénico total se realizó por el método espectrofotométrico UV-Vis del azul de molibdeno. Al mismo tiempo se realizaron extracciones simples empleando ensayos de lixiviación TCLP (Toxicity Charasteristic Leaching Procedure), extracción con agua destilada, CaCl2 y estudio de la biodisponibilidad empleando como agente acomplejante el DTPA. Los residuos resultaron peligrosos para el medio ambiente según lo establecido en normas cubanas y estándares internacionales como OMS (0,01 mg/L). Finalmente se realizó el procedimiento de extracción secuencial BCR (Community Boreau of Reference), obteniéndose altas concentraciones de As en la fracción reducible y oxidable, mostrando que el As presenta una alta movilidad en estos residuos.
In the present work the arsenic contents were determined in samples of mining waste (tailings) of the gold beneficiation plant of the municipality of Placetas, province of Villa Clara. The general physical geochemical characteristics were determined as: real density, apparent density, porosity, granulometry, pH and conductivity showing very fine sand particle sizes, with high porosity and high values of conductivity and pH. The determination of total arsenic was carried out by the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method of molybdenum blue. At the same time, simple extractions were performed using TCLP (Toxicity Charasteristic Leaching Procedure) leaching tests, extraction with distilled water, CaCl2 and study of bioavailability using DTPA as a complexing agent. The waste was dangerous for the environment according to established in Cuban standards NC and international standards such as OMS (0.01 mg / L). Finally, sequential extraction procedures were performed, obtaining high concentrations of As in the reducible and oxidizable fraction by the BCR procedure (Community Boreau of Reference), showing that the As presents a high mobility in these residues.
In the present work the arsenic contents were determined in samples of mining waste (tailings) of the gold beneficiation plant of the municipality of Placetas, province of Villa Clara. The general physical geochemical characteristics were determined as: real density, apparent density, porosity, granulometry, pH and conductivity showing very fine sand particle sizes, with high porosity and high values of conductivity and pH. The determination of total arsenic was carried out by the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method of molybdenum blue. At the same time, simple extractions were performed using TCLP (Toxicity Charasteristic Leaching Procedure) leaching tests, extraction with distilled water, CaCl2 and study of bioavailability using DTPA as a complexing agent. The waste was dangerous for the environment according to established in Cuban standards NC and international standards such as OMS (0.01 mg / L). Finally, sequential extraction procedures were performed, obtaining high concentrations of As in the reducible and oxidizable fraction by the BCR procedure (Community Boreau of Reference), showing that the As presents a high mobility in these residues.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Residuos Mineros, Espectrofotometría UV - Vis, Lixiviación TCLP (Toxicity Charasteristic Leaching Procedure), Planta de Procesamiento de Minerales Auríferos, Villa Clara