Departamento de Física
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Examinando Departamento de Física por Autor "Martín González, Osmel"
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Cuantificación de la habitabilidad de los entornos naturales(Feijóo, 2020) Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Martín González, Osmel; Pérez Díaz, Noel; Horvath, Jorge; Peñate Alvariño, Liuba; Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas.Facultad de Matemática, Física y Computación. Departamento de Física; Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas.Facultad de Matemática, Física y Computación. Departamento de Física; Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas.Facultad de Matemática, Física y Computación. Departamento de Física; Amil Portal, Anabel; Universidad de São Paulo, Brasil. Departamento de Astronomía, Instituto de Astronomía, Geofísica y Ciencias Atmosféricas; Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, Villa Clara, Cuba. Unidad de Toxicología ExperimentalEn esta monografía se combinan el principio filosófico de la unidad material del mundo con un modelo conceptual general de abiogénesis-biogénesis para elaborar una metodología para construir métricas o índices para cuantificar la habitabilidad de un entorno natural, tanto en la Tierra como en otros cuerpos planetarios. Se presentan índices de habitabilidad elaborados por los autores y también por otros científicos, y sus respectivas aplicaciones a numerosos casos de estudio, tanto terrestres como extraterrestres. Se termina con un epílogo sobre el potencial futuro de la Vida en el Sistema Solar en particular, y en el Universo en general. [Los autores]Ítem Embargo Enlarging simple ecological models:subspecies, hidden symmetries and thei implications(Springer, 2019) Martín González, Osmel; Pérez Díaz, Noel; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Horvath, J.E.; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Departamento de Astronomía, Instituto de Astronomía, Geofísica y Ciencias Atmosféricas (IAG), USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Mochalov, Vladimir; Parra, Oscar; Martín González, OsmelSome basic principles to enlarge simple ecological models and the role of nonlinearities are discussed. The inclusion of internal groups and the new dynamic possibilities associated with this procedure are considered in the context of the logistic model. According to our results, processes like the success or extinction of a particular group without affecting the global population are not necessarily linked to the impact of environmental changes or the supremacy of a determined group or subspecies. In our case, the uniformity, the success or extinction of a particular group into a global population may be seen as the possibility to achieve or not a typical symmetry-breaking process. Such possibilities arise associated with the degree of nonlinearity contributions and the specificities of the interaction network in the model. Other elements linked with the ecological interaction, the role of symmetries and the phenomenological nature of ecological modelling are also discussed.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evolución del proceso de fotosíntesis después del impacto del asteroide de Chicxulub(2014) Pérez Díaz, Noel; Martín González, Osmel; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de FísicaSe evalua como pudo evolucionar el proceso de la photosíntesis del fitoplancton después de un evento catastrófico como el impacto del asteroide de Chicxulub, emploeándose el modelo E de fotosíntesis para fitoplancton con buenas capacidades de rescuperación del daño biológico. Se consideró la dinámica de los aerosoles (sulfato fundamentalmente) y el ozono. El fitoplancton mostró buenas capacidades de recuperación después de 2,5 años o sea una vez que la atmósfera se clarificó y la luz pudo llegar a la superficie en todos los tipos de aguas océanicas y ángulos cenitales solares utilizados. Se analizaron algunos indicadores de daño biológico (daño al ADN, índice UV) para valorar; al menos en la superficie oceánica, como fue la magnitud del daño al proceso fotosintético. Se comparó el peor momento después del impacto (una vez que la luz ya incidía sobre la superficie) y el arcaico, obserbándose que en este último existieron condiciones más desfaborables para el fitoplancton.Ítem Embargo Geodiversity, Heritage, and Geoethics in an Archipelago(Springer, 2018) Rojas Consuegra, Reinaldo; Mengana, Jorge Isaac; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Nuñez Cambra, Kenya E.; Pérez Díaz, Noel; Martín González, Osmel; Sociedad Cubana de Geología, La Habana, Cuba; Museo Humbolt, La Habana, Cuba; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Intituto de Geología y Paleontología, La Habana, Cuba; Acevedo, Rogelio Daniel; Martínez Frías, JesúsThe Cuban archipelago has an extremely complex geology. In this chapter, an overview on its peculiarities is given. It is also presented a historical sketch of the Cuban geological heritage, and the current menaces to preserve it. Then, the current Cuban policy and practical efforts for geoconservation are described.Ítem Embargo The mass impacts on chemosynthetic primary producers: potential implications on anammox communities and their consequences(2018) Pérez Díaz, Noel; Velazco Vargas, Jorge Luis; Martín González, Osmel; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Martínez Frías, Jesús; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, sede Esmeraldas (PUCESE).; Instituto de Geociencias, IGEO (CSIC-UCM) Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas.The potential of a mass asteroid impact on Earth to disturb the chemosynthetic communities at global scale is discussed. Special emphasis is made on the potential influence on anammox communities and their implications in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. According to our preliminary estimates, anammox communities could be seriously affected as a consequence of global cooling and the large process of acidification usually associated with the occurrence of this kind of event. The scale of affectations could vary in a scenario like the Chicxulub as a function of the amount of soot, depth of the water column and the deposition rate for sulphates assumed in each case. The most severe affectations take place where the amount of soot and sulphates produced during the event is higher and the scale of time of settlements for sulphates is short, of the order of 10 h. In this extreme case, the activity of anammox is considerably reduced, a condition that may persist for several years after the impact. Furthermore, the impact of high levels of other chemical compounds like sulphates and nitrates associated with the occurrence of this kind of event are also discussed.Ítem Acceso Abierto Modeling the onset of photosynthesis after the Chicxulub asteroid impact(2013) Pérez Díaz, Noel; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Martín González, Osmel; Rojas Consuegra, Reinaldo; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, CubaWe do a preliminary modelling of the photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton at the very beginning of the Paleogene, just after the impact of the Chicxulub asteroid, which decisively contributed to the last known mass extinction of the Phanerozoic eon. We assume the worst possible scenario from the photobiological point of view: an already clear atmosphere with no ozone, as the timescale for soot and dust settling (years) is smaller than that of the full ozone regeneration (decades). Even in these conditions we show that most phytoplankton species would have had reasonable potential for photosynthesis in all the three main optical ocean water types. This modelling could help explain why the recovery of phytoplankton was relatively rapid after the huge environmental stress of that asteroid impact. In a more general scope, it also reminds us of the great resilience of the unicellular biosphere against huge environmental perturbations.Ítem Acceso Abierto On the habitability of aquaplanets(2014) Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Pérez Díaz, Noel; Martinez Frias, Jesus; Martín González, Osmel; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Instituto de Geociencias, IGEO (CSIC-UCM) Facultad de Ciencias GeológicasAn Aquatic Habitability Index is proposed, based on Quantitative Habitability Theory, and considering a very general model for life. It is a primary habitability index, measuring habitability for phytoplankton in the first place. The index is applied to some case studies, such as the habitability changes in Earth due to environmental perturbations caused by asteroid impacts.Ítem Embargo On the quantification of habitability: current approaches(Springer, 2019) Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Nodarse Zulueta, Rosmery; Pérez Díaz, Noel; Avila Alonso, Dailé; Martín González, Osmel; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Mochalov, Vladimir; Parra, Oscar; Martín González, OsmelIn this chapter, we outline general ideas to quantify habitability, starting with a general abiogenesis–biogenesis conceptual model. We connect this model with the approach of the astrobiological school of quantitative habitability, specifically with quantitative habitability theory, to devise habitability indexes. We present two indexes devised by us: the Aquatic Primary Habitability for photosynthesis-based ecosystems, and the Chemosynthetic Habitability Index for chemoautotrophy-based ones. As a case study, we present the application of the last one to hydrothermal vents. It is also mentioned the possibility of embedding parameters such as net primary productivity, calculated using habitability indexes, into greater ecological models with several trophic models, making a clear connection between the astrobiological and ecological approaches of quantitative habitability.Ítem Embargo Potential changes on anammox activity after Chicxulub asteroid impact(Springer, 2019) Pérez Díaz, Noel; Martín González, Osmel; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Mochalov, Vladimir; Parra, Oscar; Martín González, OsmelThe activity of anammox bacteria (AA) can be estimated based on the production of N2. Known the mechanism of the catabolic reaction, three differential equations are established according to the most important substrates (NO 3 and NHþ 4 ) and the pH. The solution of this system might provide a rough estimate of the activity of the anammox, since neither inhibitory effects nor efficiency of the microorganisms is considered. Anammox can be inhibited by ocean acidification, generated by the deposition of H2SO4 and HNO3 during asteroid impact events such as Chicxulub. The magnitude of the inhibition depends on the amount and speed with which the H2SO4 is added fundamentally.Ítem Acceso Abierto The potential for photosynthesis in hydrothermal vents: a new avenue for life in the universe?(2013) Pérez Díaz, Noel; Cárdenas Ortiz, Rolando Pedro; Martín González, Osmel; Leiva Mora, Michel; Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Departamento de Física; Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.We perform a quantitative assessment for the potential for photosynthesis in hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean. The photosynthetically active radiation in this case is from geothermal origin: the infrared thermal radiation emitted by hot water, at temperatures ranging from 473 up to 673 K.We find that at these temperatures the photosynthetic potential is rather low in these ecosystems for most known species. However, species which a very high efficiency in the use of light and which could use infrared photons till 1300 nm, could achieve good rates of photosynthesis in hydrothermal vents. These organisms might also thrive in deep hydrothermal vents in other planetary bodies, such as one of the more astrobiologically promising Jupiter satellites: Europa