Composición y abundancia de dinoflagelados epibentónicos potencialmente tóxicos en la región sur central de Cuba
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Rojas Abrahantes, Gabriel Liván
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Biología
Resumen
Globalmente, la ciguatera es la principal enfermedad no bacteriana relacionada con la ingestión de pescado. Las toxinas relacionadas con esta enfermedad son producidas por dinoflagelados bentónicos del género Gambierdiscus. En este estudio se caracterizó la composición y abundancia de dinoflagelados bentónicos potencialmente tóxicos de la región sur central de Cuba y se determinó la diversidad de especies del género Gambierdiscus. El muestreo se realizó en diciembre de 2016 en dos áreas que comprendieron los alrededores de Cayo Guano del Este y parte de la costa de Cienfuegos. Para la identificación y la determinación de la abundancia de los principales géneros de dinoflagelados tóxicos, se desplegaron sustratos artificiales y se colectaron muestras de las macrófitas más representativas. La identificación de especies de Gambierdiscus se determinó mediante ensayos semi-cuantitativos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (qPCR). Se identificaron tres géneros de dinoflagelados bentónicos tóxicos: Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum y Gambierdiscus, siendo Ostreopsis y Prorocentrum los más abundantes en comparación con el género Gambierdiscus. Mediante las técnicas moleculares se identificaron seis de las siete especies reportadas en el Caribe: G. caribaeus, G. carpenteri, G. belizeanus, G. carolinianus, G. ruetzleri y G. silvae; estas especies excepto G. caribaeus fueron registradas por primera vez en Cuba. La identificación del género Gambierdiscus en la región sur central de Cuba así como la elevada diversidad de especies detectada pudiera explicar la captura de peces tóxicos y la existencia de brotes de ciguatera en el área.
Globally, ciguatera fish poisoning is the main non-bacterial disease related to the seafood ingestion. The toxins related to this disease are produced by benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus. In this study, the composition and abundance of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates from the south central region of Cuba were characterized and the diversity of species of the genus Gambierdiscus was determined. The sampling was realized in December 2016 in two areas that included the surroundings of Cayo Guano del Este and part of the Cienfuegos coast. For the identification and determination of the abundance of the main genera of toxic dinoflagellates, artificial substrates were deployed and samples of the most representative macrophytes were collected. The identification of Gambierdiscus species was determined by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Three genera of toxic benthic dinoflagellates were identified: Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum and Gambierdiscus, with Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum being the most abundant in comparison with the genus Gambierdiscus. Through molecular techniques, six of the seven species reported in the Caribbean were identified: G. caribaeus, G. carpenteri, G. belizeanus, G. carolinianus, G. ruetzleri and G. silvae; these species except G. caribaeus were recorded for first time in Cuba. The identification of the genus Gambierdiscus in the south central region of Cuba as well as the high diversity of species detected could explain the capture of toxic fishes and the existence of ciguatera fish poisoning in the area.
Globally, ciguatera fish poisoning is the main non-bacterial disease related to the seafood ingestion. The toxins related to this disease are produced by benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus. In this study, the composition and abundance of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates from the south central region of Cuba were characterized and the diversity of species of the genus Gambierdiscus was determined. The sampling was realized in December 2016 in two areas that included the surroundings of Cayo Guano del Este and part of the Cienfuegos coast. For the identification and determination of the abundance of the main genera of toxic dinoflagellates, artificial substrates were deployed and samples of the most representative macrophytes were collected. The identification of Gambierdiscus species was determined by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Three genera of toxic benthic dinoflagellates were identified: Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum and Gambierdiscus, with Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum being the most abundant in comparison with the genus Gambierdiscus. Through molecular techniques, six of the seven species reported in the Caribbean were identified: G. caribaeus, G. carpenteri, G. belizeanus, G. carolinianus, G. ruetzleri and G. silvae; these species except G. caribaeus were recorded for first time in Cuba. The identification of the genus Gambierdiscus in the south central region of Cuba as well as the high diversity of species detected could explain the capture of toxic fishes and the existence of ciguatera fish poisoning in the area.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Ciguatera