Evaluación económica y energética del tractor XTZ-150K-09 en labores de preparación de suelo
Fecha
2018-12-07
Autores
González Alvarez, José Armando
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola
Resumen
El presente trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar los índices energéticos
y económicos del tractor XTZ-150K-09 durante la preparación de suelos. Para la
realización del trabajo se utilizó la norma cubana NC 34-38, así como las metodologías
para la obtención de los gastos energéticos. Los resultados mostraron que los gastos
energéticos de las labores de preparación de suelo organizadas en un sistema de
labranza tradicional alcanza un gasto energético de 6062,1 MJ/ha. Sin embargo,
cuando se utiliza una sola operación como el pase de multiarado se obtuvieron gastos
energéticos de 1391,3 MJ/ha, 4670,8 MJ/ha menos que en la labranza tradicional. Los
principales gastos energéticos están determinados por los gastos directos
secuestrados en el combustible y los gastos indirectos secuestrados en las
operaciones de mantenimiento y reparación de los conjuntos analizados. Los gastos
directos de explotación calculados mostraron que el conjunto formado con el arado es
el que más gastos ocasiona con un valor de 26,4 peso/ha, seguido del multiarado con
21,2 peso/ha, la grada con un gasto de 19,7 peso/ha y el tiller con el menor gasto de
explotación con un valor de 17,4 peso/ha.
This work was developed with the objective of determining the energy and economic indexes of the XTZ-150K-09 tractor during soil preparation. The Cuban standard NC 34-38 was used to carry out the work, as well as the methodologies for obtaining energy costs. The results showed that the energy costs of the soil preparation work organized in a traditional tillage system reaches an energy expenditure of 6062,1 MJ/ha. However, when a single operation is used, such as the multi plow pass, energy costs were obtained of 1391,3 MJ/ha, 4670,8 MJ/ha less than in traditional tillage. The main energy expenses are determined by the direct costs sequestered in the fuel and the indirect costs sequestered in the maintenance and repair operations of the analyzed sets. The direct operating expenses calculated shown that the set formed with the plow is the one that causes most expenses with a value of 26,4 peso/ha, followed by the multi plow with 21,2 peso/ha, the harrow with an expense of 19,7 peso/ha and the tiller with the lowest operating expense with a value of 17,4 peso/ha.
This work was developed with the objective of determining the energy and economic indexes of the XTZ-150K-09 tractor during soil preparation. The Cuban standard NC 34-38 was used to carry out the work, as well as the methodologies for obtaining energy costs. The results showed that the energy costs of the soil preparation work organized in a traditional tillage system reaches an energy expenditure of 6062,1 MJ/ha. However, when a single operation is used, such as the multi plow pass, energy costs were obtained of 1391,3 MJ/ha, 4670,8 MJ/ha less than in traditional tillage. The main energy expenses are determined by the direct costs sequestered in the fuel and the indirect costs sequestered in the maintenance and repair operations of the analyzed sets. The direct operating expenses calculated shown that the set formed with the plow is the one that causes most expenses with a value of 26,4 peso/ha, followed by the multi plow with 21,2 peso/ha, the harrow with an expense of 19,7 peso/ha and the tiller with the lowest operating expense with a value of 17,4 peso/ha.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Tractores, Labranza Convencional, Arado