Evaluación del manejo de la técnica de aplicación de plaguicidas en la Empresa Agropecuaria “Valle del Yabú”
Fecha
2019-06
Autores
León Gómez, Alexander
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Editor
Universidad Central ¨Marta Abreu¨ de Las Villas
Resumen
La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar los principios básicos del empleo de la técnica de aplicación de plaguicidas en la Empresa Agropecuaria “Valle del Yabú”, situada en la Carretera a Sagua km 4½, municipio de Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara, durante el período comprendido de 2017 al 2019. Los métodos utilizados para la elaboración del trabajo fueron la consulta de la bibliografía existente, además de las inspecciones realizadas a aplicaciones de campo, logrando dar una visión de las dificultades que se observan actualmente en la aplicación de dicha técnica. Se precisa que no basta solo con la existencia de una fuerte estructura científica y recursos materiales en el país, si no se observan estrictamente las normas vigentes para esta actividad. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron constatar, que aún se cometen infracciones en la realización de aplicaciones de plaguicidas relacionadas con la no realización de los muestreos previos y posteriores a la aplicación para determinar los índices de infestación de patógenos y plagas, se utiliza el mismo esquema de boquillas para todas las fases fenológicas del cultivo, no se chequean las descargas individuales de las boquillas, es deficiente el registro del historial de campo, ocurren violaciones en la calibración, no se utilizan todos los medios de protección humana, además de la falta de conocimientos teóricos sobre el tema. Se confeccionó un instructivo técnico con el fin de brindar la información técnica necesaria que debe recibir el operario fitosanitario para lograr una correcta aplicación de plaguicidas.
The investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the basic principles of the employment of the technique of pesticides application in the Company Agricultural Valley of the Yabú", located in the Highway to Sagua km 4½, municipality of Santa Clara, county of Villa Clara, during the understood period of 2017 at the 2019. The methods used for the elaboration of the work were the consultation of the existent bibliography, besides the inspections carried out to field applications, being able to give a vision of the difficulties that you/they are observed at the moment in the application of this technique. She is necessary that it is not enough alone with the existence of a strong scientific structure and material resources in the country, if they are not observed the effective norms strictly for this activity. The obtained results allowed to verify that infractions are still made in the realization of plaguicidas applications related with the non-realization from the previous and later samplings to the application to determine the indexes of pathogen infestation and plagues, the same outline of mouthpieces is used for all the phases phonological of the cultivation, not you chequean the individual discharges of the mouthpieces, it is faulty the registration of the field record, they happen violations in the calibration, all the means of human protection are not used, besides the lack of theoretical knowledge on the topic. A technical instructive was made with the purpose of the necessary technical information that the operative plant protection should receive to achieve a correct plaguicidas application toasting.
The investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the basic principles of the employment of the technique of pesticides application in the Company Agricultural Valley of the Yabú", located in the Highway to Sagua km 4½, municipality of Santa Clara, county of Villa Clara, during the understood period of 2017 at the 2019. The methods used for the elaboration of the work were the consultation of the existent bibliography, besides the inspections carried out to field applications, being able to give a vision of the difficulties that you/they are observed at the moment in the application of this technique. She is necessary that it is not enough alone with the existence of a strong scientific structure and material resources in the country, if they are not observed the effective norms strictly for this activity. The obtained results allowed to verify that infractions are still made in the realization of plaguicidas applications related with the non-realization from the previous and later samplings to the application to determine the indexes of pathogen infestation and plagues, the same outline of mouthpieces is used for all the phases phonological of the cultivation, not you chequean the individual discharges of the mouthpieces, it is faulty the registration of the field record, they happen violations in the calibration, all the means of human protection are not used, besides the lack of theoretical knowledge on the topic. A technical instructive was made with the purpose of the necessary technical information that the operative plant protection should receive to achieve a correct plaguicidas application toasting.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Plaguicidas, Pesticidas, Empresa Agropecuaria “Valle del Yabú”