Control de la calidad de la materia prima obtenida a partir de las hojas de Orégano Francés, en Centros de Producción Local de la provincia de Villa Clara
Fecha
2019
Autores
García Varens, Marco Antonio
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas
Resumen
Las hojas de Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, conocida comúnmente como orégano francés, es utilizada en la medicina tradicional cubana en forma de jarabe al 10 % por su acción como anticonvulsivante, antiasmático, expectorante, broncodilatador y antimicrobiano; esta formulación es elaborada en los laboratorios de producción local de todo el país, utilizando el polvo de dichas hojas como ingrediente farmacéutico activo herbario. En el presente trabajo se verificaron las especificaciones de calidad reportados por el formulario nacional para esta materia prima y se propone una monografía analítica que fue aplicada a diez lotes suministrados por los laboratorios de diferentes municipios de la provincia de Villa Clara. La monografía propuesta incluyó ensayos de identificación (reacciones de coloración, análisis macro y micromorfológico y cromatografía en capa delgada), ensayos de pureza (material extractable, pérdida por desecación, cenizas totales y cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico) y el ensayo cuantitativo (determinación de flavonoides totales). La verificación de los límites de especificación se realizó aplicando el método de Bowker. Como resultado se obtuvo que la pérdida por desecación del polvo no debe exceder de 11 %, las cenizas totales no deben superiores a 20 % y las cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico no deben exceder el 8 %. Se utilizó como técnica de análisis cuantitativo, la Cromatografía Gaseosa, para la determinación de carvacrol en el extracto. El seguimiento cromatográfico en capa delgada y el reconocimiento cualitativo con UV detección con anisaldehido demostró la presencia de carvacrol. El polvo de las hojas de P. amboinicus L. contiene no menos de un 0,7 % de carvacrol, uno de los metabolitos responsables de las acciones farmacológicas que se le atribuyen a la planta.
The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, commonly known as French oregano, is used in traditional Cuban medicine in the form of 10% syrup for its action as anticonvulsant, antiasthmatic, expectorant, bronchodilator and antimicrobial; This formulation is elaborated in local production laboratories throughout the country, using the powder of such leaves as an active herbal pharmaceutical ingredient. In the present work the quality specifications reported by the national form for this raw material were verified and an analytical monograph was proposed that was applied to ten lots supplied by the laboratories of different municipalities of the province of Villa Clara. The proposed monograph included identification tests (color reactions, macro and micromorphological analysis and thin layer chromatography), purity tests (extractable material, loss by drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid) and the quantitative test (determination of total flavonoids). Verification of the specification limits was carried out applying the Bowker method. As a result, it was obtained that the loss by desiccation of the powder should not exceed 11%, the total ashes should not exceed 20% and the ashes insoluble in hydrochloric acid should not exceed 8%. Gaseous Chromatography was used as a quantitative analysis technique for the determination of carvacrol in the extract. Thin-layer chromatographic monitoring and qualitative recognition with UV detection with anisaldehyde demonstrated the presence of carvacrol. The powder of the leaves of P. amboinicus L. contains not less than 0.7% of carvacrol, one of the metabolites responsible for the pharmacological actions attributed to the plant
The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, commonly known as French oregano, is used in traditional Cuban medicine in the form of 10% syrup for its action as anticonvulsant, antiasthmatic, expectorant, bronchodilator and antimicrobial; This formulation is elaborated in local production laboratories throughout the country, using the powder of such leaves as an active herbal pharmaceutical ingredient. In the present work the quality specifications reported by the national form for this raw material were verified and an analytical monograph was proposed that was applied to ten lots supplied by the laboratories of different municipalities of the province of Villa Clara. The proposed monograph included identification tests (color reactions, macro and micromorphological analysis and thin layer chromatography), purity tests (extractable material, loss by drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid) and the quantitative test (determination of total flavonoids). Verification of the specification limits was carried out applying the Bowker method. As a result, it was obtained that the loss by desiccation of the powder should not exceed 11%, the total ashes should not exceed 20% and the ashes insoluble in hydrochloric acid should not exceed 8%. Gaseous Chromatography was used as a quantitative analysis technique for the determination of carvacrol in the extract. Thin-layer chromatographic monitoring and qualitative recognition with UV detection with anisaldehyde demonstrated the presence of carvacrol. The powder of the leaves of P. amboinicus L. contains not less than 0.7% of carvacrol, one of the metabolites responsible for the pharmacological actions attributed to the plant
Descripción
Palabras clave
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, Orégano Francés, Plantas Medicinales, Villa Clara, Medicina Verde, Farmacología, Control de Calidad, Materia Prima