Estudio farmacognóstico de Psidium claraense Urb., especie endémica de Cuba
Fecha
2019
Autores
Castro Torres, Susana
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas
Resumen
Los estudios farmacognósticos son de gran utilidad para aportar criterios de calidad con vistas a la estandarización de materiales vegetales. Teniendo en consideración lo anterior y las potencialidades como antioxidante y antinflamatorio que ha demostrado Psidium claraense Urb., especie endémica de la región central en peligro crítico de extinción, se desarrolla el presente trabajo. En el mismo se realizó por primera vez el estudio farmacognóstico de la especie, pudiendo establecer las características macromorfológicas de las hojas. Se efectuó la estandarización del secado por tres vías: a la sombra, al sol y en estufa a 40 ºC, considerándose este último el más adecuado según los parámetros evaluados. Se determinaron los índices farmacognósticos del material vegetal procedentes de las hojas de la planta lo cual permitió emitir criterios sobre la calidad de la droga cruda, indispensable para la confección de las futuras Normas de Control de la Calidad de la especie como posible droga medicinal. Se llevó a cabo la determinación cuantitativa de fenoles y flavonoides de los extractos acuoso, alcohólico e hidroalcohólico, mostrando este último el mayor contenido en ambos metabolitos con 102,64 ± 1,69 mgEAG/gES y 7,04 ± 0,19 mgQE/gES, respectivamente. Finalmente se realizó una caracterización físico-química del extracto hidroalcohólico, presentando índices adecuados tomando en consideración la correspondencia con extractos de Psidium guajava. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen al conocimiento farmacognóstico de esta planta, favoreciendo el interés por su cultivo y sentando las bases para las investigaciones encaminadas al desarrollo de nuevos ingredientes activos para la industria farmacéutica cubana.
The pharmacognostic studies are of great utility to contribute approaches of quality with a view to the standardization of vegetable materials. Taking into consideration the potential as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory that has been demonstrated by Psidium claraense Urb., endemic species of the central region in critical danger of extinction, is developed the present work. In the same one it was carried out the pharmacognostic study of the species for the first time, being able to establish the macromorfological characteristic of the leaves. The standardization of the drying was made by three methods: to the shade, in the sun and in stove to 40 ºC, being considered this last one the most appropriate according to the evaluated parameters. The pharmacognostic indices of the plant material from the leaves of the plant were determined, which allowed to emit positive criteria on the quality of the crude drug.indispensable for the making of the future Quality´s Control Norms of the species like possible medicinal drug. It was carried out the quantitative determination of phenolics and flavonoids of the aqueous, alcoholic and hidroalcoholic extracts, showing this last one the biggest content in both metabolites with 102,64 ± 1,69 mgEAG/gES and 7,04 ± 0,19 mgQE/gES, respectively. Finally it was carried out a physical-chemical characterization of the hidroalcoholic extract, presenting appropriate indexes taking in consideration the correspondence with extracts of Psidium guajava. The obtained results contribute to the pharmacognostic knowledge of this plant, favoring the interest for their cultivation and sitting down the bases for the investigations guided to the development of new active ingredients for the Cuban pharmaceutical industry.
The pharmacognostic studies are of great utility to contribute approaches of quality with a view to the standardization of vegetable materials. Taking into consideration the potential as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory that has been demonstrated by Psidium claraense Urb., endemic species of the central region in critical danger of extinction, is developed the present work. In the same one it was carried out the pharmacognostic study of the species for the first time, being able to establish the macromorfological characteristic of the leaves. The standardization of the drying was made by three methods: to the shade, in the sun and in stove to 40 ºC, being considered this last one the most appropriate according to the evaluated parameters. The pharmacognostic indices of the plant material from the leaves of the plant were determined, which allowed to emit positive criteria on the quality of the crude drug.indispensable for the making of the future Quality´s Control Norms of the species like possible medicinal drug. It was carried out the quantitative determination of phenolics and flavonoids of the aqueous, alcoholic and hidroalcoholic extracts, showing this last one the biggest content in both metabolites with 102,64 ± 1,69 mgEAG/gES and 7,04 ± 0,19 mgQE/gES, respectively. Finally it was carried out a physical-chemical characterization of the hidroalcoholic extract, presenting appropriate indexes taking in consideration the correspondence with extracts of Psidium guajava. The obtained results contribute to the pharmacognostic knowledge of this plant, favoring the interest for their cultivation and sitting down the bases for the investigations guided to the development of new active ingredients for the Cuban pharmaceutical industry.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Plantas Medicinales, Psidium Claraense Urb, Industria Farmacéutica, Estudio Farmacognóstico, Extracto Hidroalcohólico