Estudio farmacognóstico de las hojas de Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied

Fecha

2019

Autores

Fabregat Pérez, Yisel

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Editor

Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química

Resumen

Psidium sartorianum es una planta autóctona de la región de Casilda, a la cual se le han demostrado propiedades antioxidantes que podrían convertirla en una alternativa terapéutica. Pese a esto no se dispone de información farmacognóstica que permita su propuesta como droga vegetal. Se realizó un estudio farmacognóstico de las hojas de P. sartorianum, donde se incluyó las características macromorfológicas y la estandarización del secado por tres vías: a la sombra, al sol y en estufa a 40ºC, considerándose este último el más adecuado de acuerdo a los parámetros estudiados. Se evaluó la composición cualitativa de los extractos según la marcha fitoquímica de Miranda y Cuéllar, donde se evidenció de manera general la presencia de saponinas, coumarinas, ácidos grasos, quinonas, taninos y/o fenoles, flavonoides. También se determinaron los índices farmacognósticos de la droga cruda secada en la estufa según las Normas Ramales de Salud Pública; cuyos valores promedios obtenidos, se encontraron dentro del rango permisible para este tipo de material vegetal. Se calculó, además, el índice de polifenoles, el contenido de fenoles y de flavonoides totales en los extractos acuoso, etanólico e hidroalcohólico, mostrando este último los mejores valores. Finalmente, se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica de dicho extracto mostrando resultados apropiados teniendo en consideración la correspondencia con extractos de P. guajava. Esta investigación contribuye a ampliar los conocimientos farmacognósticos de las hojas de P. sartorianum y por tanto sirve de base para su posible propuesta como planta medicinal.
Psidium sartorianum is a plant native to the Casilda region, which has been shown to have antioxidant properties that could make it a therapeutic alternative. Despite this, there is no pharmacognostic information available that would allow its proposal as a herbal drug. A pharmacognostic study was carried out on the leaves of P. sartorianum, which included macromorphological characteristics and standardization of drying in three ways: in the shade, in the sun and in an oven at 40ºC, the latter being considered the most adequate according to the parameters studied. The qualitative composition of the extracts was evaluated according to the phytochemical march of Miranda and Cuellar,(1) where the presence of saponins, coumarins, fatty acids, quinones, tannins and/or phenols, flavonoids was generally evidenced. The pharmacognostic indices of the raw drug dried in the stove were also determined according to the Ramales Norms of Public Health;(2, 3) whose average values obtained, were found within the permissible range for this type of vegetal material. In addition, the polyphenol index, the content of phenols and total flavonoids in the aqueous, ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts were calculated, showing the best values. Finally, the physicochemical characterization of this extract was carried out, showing appropriate results taking into consideration the correspondence with P. guajava extracts. This research contributes to broaden the pharmacognostic knowledge of P. sartorianum leaves and therefore serves as a basis for its possible proposal as a medicinal plant. Psidium sartorianum is a plant native to the Casilda region, which has been shown to have antioxidant properties that could make it a therapeutic alternative. Despite this, there is no pharmacognostic information available that would allow its proposal as a herbal drug. A pharmacognostic study was carried out on the leaves of P. sartorianum, which included macromorphological characteristics and standardization of drying in three ways: in the shade, in the sun and in an oven at 40ºC, the latter being considered the most adequate according to the parameters studied. The qualitative composition of the extracts was evaluated according to the phytochemical march of Miranda and Cuellar, where the presence of saponins, coumarins, fatty acids, quinones, tannins and/or phenols, flavonoids was generally evidenced. The pharmacognostic indices of the raw drug dried in the stove were

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Palabras clave

Plantas Medicinales, Psidium sartorianum, Fitoquímica, Farmacología, Estudio Farmacognóstico, Evaluación Fitoquímica

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