Recuperación post-desastre y la adaptación al cambio climático. Caso de estudio Carahatas
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Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Pando Echemendía, Daniela
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas
Resumen
En la actualidad, la humanidad se expone a un escenario de riesgo de desastres de
origen natural nunca antes experimentado. Los eventos climáticos extremos y los efectos
del cambio climático, se incrementan de forma alarmante e implican abordar al desastre
desde un enfoque integrador. La gestión del riesgo de desastre relaciona a los eventos
catastróficos puntuales y los que se manifiestan en el largo plazo. Sus fundamentos
preventivos orientan a la reducción de vulnerabilidades y al desarrollo sostenible. En
Cuba, las políticas que regulan estos procesos se han desarrollado de forma paralela y
aislada, por ello, cuando impacta un huracán se aplican medidas recuperativas que no
necesariamente se conectan con la adaptación al cambio climático. Esta relación se
fundamenta a través de factores caracterizadores agrupados en dimensiones, que
permiten comprender el estrecho vínculo entre ambas intervenciones. Se hace un estudio
de caso en el poblado de Carahatas, donde se comprueban estas problemáticas durante
la recuperación del huracán Irma de 2017. Esta recuperación ha provocado que se
fortalezcan viviendas en zonas de riesgo de inundación permanente. La investigación
propone un proyecto de intervención con criterios adaptativos basado en la participación
de la comunidad e instituciones involucradas en el proceso.
At present, mankind is exposed to a scenario of disaster risk of natural origin never before experienced. Extreme climate events and the effects of climate change are increasing alarmingly and involve addressing the disaster from an integrative approach. Disaster risk management relates to specific catastrophic elements and those manifested in a long term. Its preventive foundations guide the reduction of vulnerabilities and sustainable development. In Cuba, the policies that regulate these processes have been developed in a parallel and isolated way therefore, when a hurricane impacts, recuperative measures are applied that are not necessarily connected with the adaptation to climate change. This relationship is based on characterizing factors grouped into dimensions that make it possible to understand the close link between both interventions. A case study is made in the town of Carahatas, where these problems are verified during the recovery of the Irma hurricane of 2017. This recovery has caused the strengtherning of housing in areas of permanent flood risk. The investigation proposes an intervention project with adaptive criteria based on the participation of the community and institutions involved in the process.
At present, mankind is exposed to a scenario of disaster risk of natural origin never before experienced. Extreme climate events and the effects of climate change are increasing alarmingly and involve addressing the disaster from an integrative approach. Disaster risk management relates to specific catastrophic elements and those manifested in a long term. Its preventive foundations guide the reduction of vulnerabilities and sustainable development. In Cuba, the policies that regulate these processes have been developed in a parallel and isolated way therefore, when a hurricane impacts, recuperative measures are applied that are not necessarily connected with the adaptation to climate change. This relationship is based on characterizing factors grouped into dimensions that make it possible to understand the close link between both interventions. A case study is made in the town of Carahatas, where these problems are verified during the recovery of the Irma hurricane of 2017. This recovery has caused the strengtherning of housing in areas of permanent flood risk. The investigation proposes an intervention project with adaptive criteria based on the participation of the community and institutions involved in the process.
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Palabras clave
Cambio climático, Vulnerabilidades, Recuperación, Climate Change