Aplicación de la lógica difusa en proyectos
Fecha
2018-12
Autores
Entenza Boggiano, Victor Antonio
Argüelles Cortés, Lucía Francisca
Dorta Enríquez, Daylenis
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Resumen
Este trabajo se propuso brindar una pauta metodológica para utilizar
las técnicas de la lógica difusa en la gestión de proyectos. Primeramente, se
introdujeron las nociones básicas sobre las cuales se fundamenta la lógica difusa
requerida. Se focalizaron tres aspectos correspondientes al manejo de proyectos
donde es posible aplicar la Lógica Difusa para evaluar con más objetividad su
significación y alcance: el manejo de índices que justifican la racionalidad de la
inversión, de manera que se puedan medir beneficios económicos; la determinación
de una jerarquía de riesgos con vista a tomarlos en consideración para minimizar
su impacto y la toma de decisión en un ambiente en el que confluyen factores
tanto objetivos como subjetivos. Luego, fueron explicadas técnicas de la lógica
difusa correspondientes: la utilización del VAN difuso, el análisis jerárquico de
alternativas y la toma de decisión mediante un cierto consenso. Se discutieron las
especificidades de tres problemas, el primero sobre determinación de VAN difuso
relacionado con fondos de flujos netos generados en varios años, el segundo
correspondiente a la determinación del riesgo más significativo para una empresa
que desarrolla ciertos tipos de proyectos a los cuales están asociados tres riesgos
y el último vinculado a la valoración de ofertas sobre la base de la creación de un
perfil. Finalmente se propuso una metodología de trabajo en dichos aspectos para
aplicar las técnicas correspondientes en la gestión de proyectos. Esta metodología
viabiliza esta gestión, dotando al análisis de proyectos del tratamiento y rigor
matemáticos requeridos para ambientes de incertidumbre.
This work was proposed to provide a methodological guide to use the techniques of fuzzy logic in project management. First, the basic notions on which the required fuzzy logic is based were introduced. Three aspects were focused on the management of projects, where it is possible to apply Fuzzy Logic to evaluate with more objectivity its significance and scope: the management of indexes that justify the rationality of the investment, so that economic benefits can be measured; the determination of a hierarchy of risks with a view to taking them into consideration to minimize their impact and decision making in an environment in which both objective and subjective factors converge. Then, corresponding fuzzy logic techniques were explained: the use of diffuse VAN, the hierarchical analysis of alternatives and decision making through a certain consensus. The specificities of three problems were discussed, the first one regarding the determination of diffuse VAN related to funds of net flows generated in several years, the second corresponding to the determination of the most significant risk for a company that develops certain types of projects to which there are associated three risks and the last one linked to the valuation of offers based on the creation of a profile. Finally, a work methodology was proposed in these aspects to apply the corresponding techniques in project management. This methodology makes this management viable, providing the analysis of the mathematical treatment and rigor required for uncertainty environments.
This work was proposed to provide a methodological guide to use the techniques of fuzzy logic in project management. First, the basic notions on which the required fuzzy logic is based were introduced. Three aspects were focused on the management of projects, where it is possible to apply Fuzzy Logic to evaluate with more objectivity its significance and scope: the management of indexes that justify the rationality of the investment, so that economic benefits can be measured; the determination of a hierarchy of risks with a view to taking them into consideration to minimize their impact and decision making in an environment in which both objective and subjective factors converge. Then, corresponding fuzzy logic techniques were explained: the use of diffuse VAN, the hierarchical analysis of alternatives and decision making through a certain consensus. The specificities of three problems were discussed, the first one regarding the determination of diffuse VAN related to funds of net flows generated in several years, the second corresponding to the determination of the most significant risk for a company that develops certain types of projects to which there are associated three risks and the last one linked to the valuation of offers based on the creation of a profile. Finally, a work methodology was proposed in these aspects to apply the corresponding techniques in project management. This methodology makes this management viable, providing the analysis of the mathematical treatment and rigor required for uncertainty environments.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Gestión de Proyectos, Indices Difusos, Toma de Decisión por Consenso, Riesgos en Proyectos, Métodos Jerárquicos
Citación
Citar según la fuente original
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