Evaluación del comportamiento de la remoción de cromo mediante humedales subperficiales horizontales
Fecha
2020
Autores
Boza Abreu, Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu'' de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Química
Resumen
El presente trabajo está dirigido a evaluar la eficiencia de remoción de cromo con humedales subsuperficiales. Se montaron dos sistemas experimentales: uno plantado con CyperusAlternifoliusy otro con dos especies de Heliconia(Rostratay Wagneriana), obteniéndose eficiencias de remoción de cromo superiores al 98%. Se obtuvo una mayor concentración del metal en las raíces de las plantas y una mejor asimilación de la especie CyperusAlternifolius.Las extracciones simples realizadas a los sustratos mostraron una mayor tendencia de las especies delcromo a ser asimiladas por la planta que ha ser lixiviadas. Se realizaron además extracciones secuenciales de cromo al suelo ferralítico rojo usado como sustrato, observándose la mayor concentración del metal en lafase residual, con menor movilidad. Posteriormente se evaluó la cinética de remoción de cromo en el humedal y en el suelo usado como sustrato, demostrándose la importancia de las plantas y los microorganismos asociados en la retención del metal, al observarse mayores retenciones en el humedal. Se obtuvieronademás las constantes cinéticas del modelo Monod, que fue el que mejor ajuste mostróen la remoción de cromo en el humedal. Estas constantes permiten el diseño de estos sistemas de tratamiento en las condiciones climáticas de Cuba.
The present research aims to evaluate the efficiency of chrome removal with subsurface wetlands. Two experimental systems were set up: one planted with CyperusAlternifoliusand the other with two species of Heliconia (Rostrata and Wagneriana), obtaining chrome removal efficiencies higher than 98%. A higher concentration of the metal in the roots of the plants and a better assimilation of the CyperusAlternifoliusspecies was obtained. Simple extractions made to the substrates showed a greatertendency of the chrome species to be assimilated by the plant to be leached. Sequential extractions of chromium were also performed to the red ferrallitic soil used as substrate, with the highest concentration of the metal in the residual phase, with lessmobility. Subsequently, the kinetics of chrome removal in the wetland and in the soil used as substrate were evaluated, demonstrating the importance of plants and associated microorganisms in the retention of the metal, as greater retention was observed in the wetland. In addition, the kinetic constants of the Monod model were obtained, which was the one that showed the best fit in chrome removal in the wetland. These constants allow the design of these treatment systems in the climatic conditions of Cuba
The present research aims to evaluate the efficiency of chrome removal with subsurface wetlands. Two experimental systems were set up: one planted with CyperusAlternifoliusand the other with two species of Heliconia (Rostrata and Wagneriana), obtaining chrome removal efficiencies higher than 98%. A higher concentration of the metal in the roots of the plants and a better assimilation of the CyperusAlternifoliusspecies was obtained. Simple extractions made to the substrates showed a greatertendency of the chrome species to be assimilated by the plant to be leached. Sequential extractions of chromium were also performed to the red ferrallitic soil used as substrate, with the highest concentration of the metal in the residual phase, with lessmobility. Subsequently, the kinetics of chrome removal in the wetland and in the soil used as substrate were evaluated, demonstrating the importance of plants and associated microorganisms in the retention of the metal, as greater retention was observed in the wetland. In addition, the kinetic constants of the Monod model were obtained, which was the one that showed the best fit in chrome removal in the wetland. These constants allow the design of these treatment systems in the climatic conditions of Cuba
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Palabras clave
Humedales, Cromo, Remoción, Medio Ambiente