Estudio preliminar del aprovechamiento del potencial de biogás de Placetas para el transporte urbano
Fecha
2018
Autores
Armas Paín, Adrián Marcos
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial
Resumen
La creciente demanda de energía a nivel mundial ha tenido como efecto una mayor demanda de combustibles fósiles lo cual ha conllevado a una búsqueda de combustibles alternativos como por ejemplo el biogás. El presente trabajo está orientado a la evaluación de la posibilidad de utilización del biogás procedente de la explotación porcina en el municipio de Placetas para el servicio de transporte urbano de los municipios Santa Clara y Placetas. En el mismo se estudian las generalidades sobre el biogás y los procesos de limpieza del mismo para su posterior utilización en el motor, se calcula el potencial de biogás para tres escenarios correspondientes a 25 000, 30 000 y 35 000 cerdos y se caracteriza el servicio de transporte de los municipios objeto de estudio, definiendo la demanda de combustible de cada uno de ellos. Estos últimos valores son empleados para un balance energético que permitió definir la cantidad de combustible fósil a sustituir en Santa Clara, luego de haber cubierto con biometano toda la demanda energética del trasporte de Placetas. Además se identifico un posible motor a gas para remotorizar el ómnibus Diana con la finalidad de ser empleado en el servicio de trasportación alimentado con biometano y se evaluaron los principales parámetros del motor para definir la viabilidad de este cambio de motor.
The growing demand for energy worldwide has had as an effect a greater demand for fossil fuels which has led to a search for alternative fuels such as biogas. The present work is oriented to the evaluation of the possibility of using the biogas from the swine exploitation in the municipality of Placetas for the urban transport service of the Santa Clara and Placetas municipalities. In it, the general aspects of biogas and its cleaning processes are studied for later use in the engine, the biogas potential is calculated for three scenarios corresponding to 25,000, 30,000 and 35,000 pigs and the service is characterized of transport of the municipalities object of study, defining the demand of fuel of each one of them. These last values are used for an energy balance that allowed to define the quantity of fossil fuel to be replaced in Santa Clara, after having covered with biomethane all the energetic demand of the transport of Placetas. In addition, a possible gas engine was identified to remotorize the Diana bus with the purpose of being used in the transportation service powered by biomethane and the main parameters of the engine were evaluated to define the viability of this engine change.
The growing demand for energy worldwide has had as an effect a greater demand for fossil fuels which has led to a search for alternative fuels such as biogas. The present work is oriented to the evaluation of the possibility of using the biogas from the swine exploitation in the municipality of Placetas for the urban transport service of the Santa Clara and Placetas municipalities. In it, the general aspects of biogas and its cleaning processes are studied for later use in the engine, the biogas potential is calculated for three scenarios corresponding to 25,000, 30,000 and 35,000 pigs and the service is characterized of transport of the municipalities object of study, defining the demand of fuel of each one of them. These last values are used for an energy balance that allowed to define the quantity of fossil fuel to be replaced in Santa Clara, after having covered with biomethane all the energetic demand of the transport of Placetas. In addition, a possible gas engine was identified to remotorize the Diana bus with the purpose of being used in the transportation service powered by biomethane and the main parameters of the engine were evaluated to define the viability of this engine change.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Transporte Urbano, Villa Clara, Biocombustible, Combustibles Alternativos, Combustible Fósil