Determinación del conocimiento y la adherencia en pacientes diabéticos que usan hipoglucemiantes orales, en dos áreas de salud de la provincia de Cienfuegos
Fecha
2021
Autores
Gómez Campillo, Ana Beatriz
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central ¨Marta Abreu¨ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
El incumplimiento a la terapia farmacológica es una de las causas más importantes del fallo terapéutico en la mayoría de las enfermedades crónicas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar el conocimiento y el grado de adherencia al tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes orales en pacientes de la atención primaria de dos áreas de salud. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo, donde se aplicó una intervención educativa para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Se seleccionó una muestra de 50 pacientes mayores de 40 años que consumían metformina o glibenclamida; se aplicaron los test de Morisky-Green y de Batalla para medir la adherencia y un cuestionario para determinar el nivel de conocimiento del paciente sobre su medicación, obteniéndose los siguientes resultados: mediante el cuestionario conocimiento del paciente sobre su medicación, 46 (92%) de los pacientes tienen un conocimiento favorable y solo un (8%) posee un conocimiento insuficiente. Por otra parte, con el Test de Morisky-Green, 28 (56 %) pacientes resultaron adherentes al tratamiento, mientras que el Test de Batalla demostró que más del 90% de los pacientes tienen un nivel adecuado de adherencia sobre la enfermedad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, aunque se constataron acciones en la labor de promoción y prevención por parte del equipo de salud, estas deben ser superadas y se recomienda realizar intervenciones farmacéuticas, como una vía para resolver los problemas de adherencia y conocimiento que tanto ayudan a lograr que los tratamientos sean seguros y eficaces.
Palabras Clave: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, nivel de conocimiento, adherencia terapéutica.
Non-compliance with drug therapy is one of the most important causes of therapeutic failure in most chronic diseases. The objective of this research is to determine the knowledge and degree of adherence to treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents in primary care in two health areas. For this, a descriptive, observational and prospective study was carried out, where an educational intervention was applied to improve therapeutic adherence in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A sample of 50 patients over 40 years of age who consumed metformin or glibenclamide was selected; The Morisky-Green and Battle tests were applied to measure adherence and a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge of the patient about his medication and the following results were obtained: by means of the questionnaire knowledge of the patient about his medication, 46 (92%) of patients have favorable knowledge and only (8%) have insufficient knowledge. On the other hand, with the Morisky-Green Test, 28 (56%) patients were adherent to the treatment and 22 (44%) were not. The Battle Test showed that 45 (90%) patients have an adequate level of knowledge about the disease and 5 (10%) reported a lack of knowledge about it. The results obtained show that, despite the fact that actions in the work of promotion and prevention by the health team were verified, these must be overcome and it is recommended to carry out pharmaceutical interventions, as a way to solve the problems of adherence and knowledge that both help make treatments safe and effective.
Non-compliance with drug therapy is one of the most important causes of therapeutic failure in most chronic diseases. The objective of this research is to determine the knowledge and degree of adherence to treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents in primary care in two health areas. For this, a descriptive, observational and prospective study was carried out, where an educational intervention was applied to improve therapeutic adherence in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A sample of 50 patients over 40 years of age who consumed metformin or glibenclamide was selected; The Morisky-Green and Battle tests were applied to measure adherence and a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge of the patient about his medication and the following results were obtained: by means of the questionnaire knowledge of the patient about his medication, 46 (92%) of patients have favorable knowledge and only (8%) have insufficient knowledge. On the other hand, with the Morisky-Green Test, 28 (56%) patients were adherent to the treatment and 22 (44%) were not. The Battle Test showed that 45 (90%) patients have an adequate level of knowledge about the disease and 5 (10%) reported a lack of knowledge about it. The results obtained show that, despite the fact that actions in the work of promotion and prevention by the health team were verified, these must be overcome and it is recommended to carry out pharmaceutical interventions, as a way to solve the problems of adherence and knowledge that both help make treatments safe and effective.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2