Modo de acción de extractos de hojas de Citrus spp. frente a Passarola fulva (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous 2003 y Alternaria solani Sor., hongos fitopatógenos de Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.
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Fecha
2013-07-08
Autores
González Hernández, Daykeni
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (1768) [syn. Solanum lycopersicum L. (1753)] (tomate) es una de las hortalizas más comercializadas a nivel mundial; en Cuba ocupa el primer lugar en la producción hortícola. Las enfermedades producidas por Passalora fulva y Alternaria solani constituyen uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios que afectan a las plantas de tomate, cuyo control es básicamente mediante el uso de fungicidas sintéticos. En el marco de una agricultura sostenible y en la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de compuestos antifúngicos menos agresivos para el ambiente, las plantas constituyen una alternativa como fuente de metabolitos secundarios con esta función, en especial aquellas pertenecientes al género Citrus. Estudios con extractos de hojas de C. latifolia en etanol 70% y C. aurantiifolia en metanol 70% han demostrado actividad antifúngica frente a A. solani, y de C. aurantiifolia en etanol 70% y C. reticulata en metanol 70% frente a P. fulva, la cual se debe fundamentalmente a la presencia de compuestos fenólicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el modo de acción de estos extractos frente a estos hongos patógenos del tomate. Los extractos de Citrus se obtuvieron mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido y se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles totales. El modo de acción de los extractos se determinó en la membrana citoplasmática, la respiración celular y el estrés oxidativo. Los extractos afectaron la integridad de la membrana, inhibieron el Ciclo de Krebs y provocaron un aumento de la actividad ascorbarto peroxidasa y catalasa y una disminución de la actividad superóxido dismutasa. También, los extractos provocaron daño a los lípidos y a las proteínas causando estrés oxidativo.
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (1768) [syn. Solanum lycopersicum L. (1753)] (tomato) is one of the most traded vegetable worldwide; in Cuba occupied the first place in horticultural production. The diseases caused by Alternaria solani and Passalora fulva constitute one of the main phytosanitary problems affecting tomato plants, whose control is basically using synthetic fungicides. In the context of sustainable agriculture and finding new sources less aggressive antifungal compounds to the environment, plants are an alternative source of secondary metabolites with this function, especially those belonging to the genus Citrus. Studies with leaf extracts of C. latifolia in ethanol 70% and C. aurantiifolia in methanol 70% have proven antifungal activity against A. solani, and C. aurantiifolia in ethanol 70% and C. reticulate in methanol 70% against P. fulva, which is mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the mode of action of these extracts against these tomato fungal pathogens. The Citrus extracts were obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction and quantified the total phenolic content. The mode of action of the extracts was determined on the cytoplasmic membrane, cell respiration and oxidative stress. Extracts affected the integrity of the membrane, inhibited the Krebs cycle and provoked an increase in ascorbarte peroxidase and catalase activity, and a reduction of superoxide dismutase activity. Also, the extracts caused damage to lipids and proteins causing an oxidative stress.
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (1768) [syn. Solanum lycopersicum L. (1753)] (tomato) is one of the most traded vegetable worldwide; in Cuba occupied the first place in horticultural production. The diseases caused by Alternaria solani and Passalora fulva constitute one of the main phytosanitary problems affecting tomato plants, whose control is basically using synthetic fungicides. In the context of sustainable agriculture and finding new sources less aggressive antifungal compounds to the environment, plants are an alternative source of secondary metabolites with this function, especially those belonging to the genus Citrus. Studies with leaf extracts of C. latifolia in ethanol 70% and C. aurantiifolia in methanol 70% have proven antifungal activity against A. solani, and C. aurantiifolia in ethanol 70% and C. reticulate in methanol 70% against P. fulva, which is mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the mode of action of these extracts against these tomato fungal pathogens. The Citrus extracts were obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction and quantified the total phenolic content. The mode of action of the extracts was determined on the cytoplasmic membrane, cell respiration and oxidative stress. Extracts affected the integrity of the membrane, inhibited the Krebs cycle and provoked an increase in ascorbarte peroxidase and catalase activity, and a reduction of superoxide dismutase activity. Also, the extracts caused damage to lipids and proteins causing an oxidative stress.
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Palabras clave
Citricos, Passalora Fulva, Tomate, Extractos Vegetales