Vacunación oral de Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) con bacterina de Aeromonas hydrophila administrada con adyuvantes AFCo3a y AFCo3b.
Fecha
2012-07-05
Autores
Pérez Nicado, Rocmira
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Clarias gariepinus (pez gato africano) es una especie explotada en la acuicultura mundial. La intensificación de su cultivo ha provocado la aparición de enfermedades bacterianas por Aeromonas hydrophila. La vacunación oral y el uso de inmunopotenciadores económicos son una alternativa en el control de las mismas. Este trabajo tuvo como objeto desarrollar un protocolo de vacunación oral contra A. hydrophila aplicando adyuvantes como AFCo3a y AFCo3b junto con la bacterina. Para ello se elaboró primeramente una bacterina formolizada de A. hydrophila. Los peces fueron divididos en cuatro grupos de tratamientos: grupo A (sin tratamiento), grupo B (inmunizado con bacterina de A. hydrophila), grupo C (inmunizado con bacterina y AFCo3a) y grupo D (inmunizado con bacterina y AFCo3b). A los grupos tratados se les inmunizó con 108 células/ animal de bacterina, se administró el AFCo3a y el AFCo3b para 10μL/animal de LPS. Los tratamientos fueron aplicados junto con la primera comida del día, cinco días contínuos desde el día 1, con una dosis de refuerzo el día 17. La determinación de anticuerpos totales y específicos IgM se realizó por ELISA indirecto utilizando muestras de suero extraídas los días 0, 7, 14, 21 y 28 del calendario de vacunación. En las muestras analizadas se encontraron títulos de anticuerpos de 1:1280 y la producción de anticuerpos específicos fue mayor en los animales inmunizados con AFCo3b. El grupo no inmunizado mantuvo una producción de anticuerpos menor. Los anticuerpos totales no aumentaron durante el experimento. Los resultados indican que el tratamiento más eficaz fue el aplicado con AFCo3b puesto que este posee más antígenos que el AFCo3a, aunque ambos como cocleatos ofrecieron mejores resultados que la administración de la bacterina sin adyuvar. En conclusión, se desarrolló un protocolo de vacunación adecuado contra A hydrophila utilizando AFCo3a y AFCo3b como adyuvantes los que a su vez aumentan la efectividad de la bacterina formolizada como formulación vacunal.
Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) is an exploited species in world aquaculture. The intensification of his cultivation has led to the emergence of bacterial diseases by Aeromonas hydrophila. Oral immunization and the use of economic immunopotentiators are an alternative in the control of them. The aim of this job was to develop a protocol for oral vaccination against A. hydrophila using adjuvants such as AFCo3a and AFCo3b together with the bacterin. For this purpose was firstly developed a formalin-killed bacterin of A. hydrophila. The fish were divided into four treatment groups: group A (untreated), group B (immunized with A. hydrophila bacterin), group C (immunized with bacterin and AFCo3a) and group D (immunized with bacterin and AFCo3b). In the treated groups were immunized with 108 cells / animal bacterin was administered AFCo3a and 10μL/animal AFCo3b to LPS. Treatments were applied with the first meal of the day, five continuous days from day 1, with a booster dose on day 17. The determination of total and specific IgM antibodies was performed by indirect ELISA using serum samples taken on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the vaccination schedule. In the analyzed samples were found antibody titers of 1:1280 and the production of specific antibodies was higher in animals immunized with AFCo3b. The non-immunized group remained a minor production of antibodies. The total antibodies did not increase during the experiment. The results indicate that the most effective treatment was the one applied with AFCo3b since this has more antigens that AFCo3a, although both as cochleates offered better results than the administration of the bacterin without adjuvant. In conclusion, was developed an appropriate vaccination protocol against A hydrophila using AFCo3a and AFCo3b as adjuvants which at the same time increase the effectiveness of formalin-killed bacterin as vaccine formulation.
Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) is an exploited species in world aquaculture. The intensification of his cultivation has led to the emergence of bacterial diseases by Aeromonas hydrophila. Oral immunization and the use of economic immunopotentiators are an alternative in the control of them. The aim of this job was to develop a protocol for oral vaccination against A. hydrophila using adjuvants such as AFCo3a and AFCo3b together with the bacterin. For this purpose was firstly developed a formalin-killed bacterin of A. hydrophila. The fish were divided into four treatment groups: group A (untreated), group B (immunized with A. hydrophila bacterin), group C (immunized with bacterin and AFCo3a) and group D (immunized with bacterin and AFCo3b). In the treated groups were immunized with 108 cells / animal bacterin was administered AFCo3a and 10μL/animal AFCo3b to LPS. Treatments were applied with the first meal of the day, five continuous days from day 1, with a booster dose on day 17. The determination of total and specific IgM antibodies was performed by indirect ELISA using serum samples taken on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the vaccination schedule. In the analyzed samples were found antibody titers of 1:1280 and the production of specific antibodies was higher in animals immunized with AFCo3b. The non-immunized group remained a minor production of antibodies. The total antibodies did not increase during the experiment. The results indicate that the most effective treatment was the one applied with AFCo3b since this has more antigens that AFCo3a, although both as cochleates offered better results than the administration of the bacterin without adjuvant. In conclusion, was developed an appropriate vaccination protocol against A hydrophila using AFCo3a and AFCo3b as adjuvants which at the same time increase the effectiveness of formalin-killed bacterin as vaccine formulation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Vacunación, Clarias