Diagnóstico y control del Biodeterioro de la Colección “Coronado” de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas.
Fecha
2011-07-08
Autores
Díaz Álvarez, Edgardo
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La colección “Coronado” de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas posee obras de destacado valor histórico, que en la actualidad sufren biodeterioro término que designa a los cambios físicos realizados por organismos vivos sobre obras de este tipo, razón por la cual el objetivo del presente trabajo de diploma es realizar un diagnóstico del biodeterioro de dicha colección. Para ello se realizaron estimaciones de la amplitud e intensidad de los daños provocados por hongos, insectos y vertebrados, así como el muestreo de hongos provenientes de las obras y el aire, insectos y vertebrados. También se llevó a cabo el muestreo de las variables ambientales temperatura, humedad relativa y luminacia como factores que favorecen
el desarrollo de los organismos deteriorantes. Se obtuvo una baja amplitud del daño por hongos y solo cuatro obras fueron estimadas con daño fúngico de alta intensidad, aislándose 26 cepas fúngicas dos provenientes de los documentos y el resto proveniente del aire, las cuales en un 56% mostraron capacidad celulolítica y el 100% fue capaz de producir ácidos. Los daños por
insectos fueron estimados de media amplitud e intensidad. Encontrándose vivos solo
Psocópteros, los cuales han creado resistencia a la fumigación con fosfamina que se realiza en el lugar. La temperatura y la luminancia se encontraron por encima de los niveles recomendados mientras que la humedad relativa a pesar de estar ligeramente elevada se mantuvo cerca de los rangos aconsejados.
The “Coronado” collection of the Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas has ancient books and documents of outstanding historical value, in present day they suffer biodeterioration a term which deals with all the physical changes caused by living organisms on these kinds of books and documents. For this reason, the objective of this grade thesis is to realize a diagnosis of the biodeterioration of this collection. For this, estimations of the magnitude and intensity of the damages made by fungi, insects and vertebrates were made, along with a sampling of fungus originating from books and air, and also live insects and vertebrates. Measurements and records were made of environmental variables such as temperature, relative humidity and luminance, as these are factors that facilitate the development of deteriorating organisms. A low amplitude for the damages caused by fungus was obtained, with only four books being estimated as damaged due to high intensity fungal activity. A total of 26 fungal strains were isolated, two of which originated from the documents, while the others originated from the air. 56% of these demonstrated celulolitic capacities, while all 100 % were capable of producing acids. Damages caused by insects were estimated as medium amplitude and intensity. Only Psocoptera insects were found alive in the collection, as these are resistant to the fosfamine fumigation which takes place regularly in the archive. Temperature and luminance were found above the recommended levels while relative humidity despite being slightly high, remained close to advised ranges.
The “Coronado” collection of the Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas has ancient books and documents of outstanding historical value, in present day they suffer biodeterioration a term which deals with all the physical changes caused by living organisms on these kinds of books and documents. For this reason, the objective of this grade thesis is to realize a diagnosis of the biodeterioration of this collection. For this, estimations of the magnitude and intensity of the damages made by fungi, insects and vertebrates were made, along with a sampling of fungus originating from books and air, and also live insects and vertebrates. Measurements and records were made of environmental variables such as temperature, relative humidity and luminance, as these are factors that facilitate the development of deteriorating organisms. A low amplitude for the damages caused by fungus was obtained, with only four books being estimated as damaged due to high intensity fungal activity. A total of 26 fungal strains were isolated, two of which originated from the documents, while the others originated from the air. 56% of these demonstrated celulolitic capacities, while all 100 % were capable of producing acids. Damages caused by insects were estimated as medium amplitude and intensity. Only Psocoptera insects were found alive in the collection, as these are resistant to the fosfamine fumigation which takes place regularly in the archive. Temperature and luminance were found above the recommended levels while relative humidity despite being slightly high, remained close to advised ranges.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Colección Francisco de Paula Coronado, Deterioro, Bibliotecas