Parámetros de control y monitoreo del proceso en digestores anaerobios de pequeña escala y diferentes tecnologías
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Fecha
2015-07-06
Autores
Sosa Delgado, Caridad Mayara
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar parámetros de control y
monitoreo del proceso en digestores anaerobios de pequeña escala y
diferentes tecnologías que permitan predecir el funcionamiento de estos.
Para llevar a efecto esta investigación se determinaron los siguientes
aspectos: el diagnóstico del estado actual de biodigestores anaerobios de
diferentes tecnologías instalados a pequeña escala, las características
físico-químicas y microbiológicas de los afluentes y efluentes, las
características de los efluentes obtenidos en cada biodigestor y los
parámetros de control y monitoreo del proceso que permiten predecir el
funcionamiento de estos biodigestores instalados a pequeña escala. Como
conclusiones se arriban que los biodigestores evaluados a pesar de
mostrar buenas condiciones constructivas no satisfacen las necesidades
de biogás de sus operadores, lo cual repercute en las expectativas de los
demás productores que puedan interesarse en la tecnología anaerobia. La
caracterización físico química y microbiología de los efluentes mostró las
potencialidades de producir biogás con fines energéticos destacándose
aquellos que tratan estiércoles porcinos, donde el metano supera el 70%.
Sin embargo la carga microbiana limita su uso como biofertilizante. El
análisis de los efluentes como bioestimulantes no mostró un efecto positivo
pero estos estudios no deben ser concluyentes. En biodigestores
instalados a pequeña escala, la calidad del biogás (% de CH4) a la salida
del biodigestor y la remoción de DQO, pueden utilizarse como parámetros
de control del proceso. Estos parámetros son de fácil determinación y
muestran la funcionabilidad de los biodigestores en correspondencia con el
diagnóstico cualitativo realizado.
The work was carried out with the objective of determining control parameters and monitoring of the process in anaerobic digesters of small scale and different technologies that allow predicting the operation of these. To take to effect this investigation the following aspects they were determined: the diagnosis of the current state of anaerobic biodigesters of different technologies installed to small scale, the physical-chemical characteristics and microbiologic of the substrates and effluents, the characteristics of the effluents obtained in each biodigestor and the control parameters and monitoring of the process that allow to predict the operation of these biodigesters installed to small scale. As summations they are arrived that the valued biodigesters in spite of showing good constructive conditions doesn't satisfy the necessities of biogas of their operators, that which rebounds in the expectations of the other producers that can be interested in the anaerobic technology. The characterization physique chemistry and microbiology of the effluents showed the potentialities of producing biogas with energy ends standing out those that treat pig manures, where the methane overcomes 70%. However the load microbial files its use as biofertilizers. The analysis of the effluents like bio stimulates didn't show a positive effect but these studies should not be conclusive. In biodigesters installed to small scale, the quality of the biogas (% of CH4) to the exit of the biodigesters and the removal of DQO, they can be used as parameters of control of the process. These parameters are easy to determinate and they show the functionality of the biodigesters in correspondence with the realized qualitative diagnosis.
The work was carried out with the objective of determining control parameters and monitoring of the process in anaerobic digesters of small scale and different technologies that allow predicting the operation of these. To take to effect this investigation the following aspects they were determined: the diagnosis of the current state of anaerobic biodigesters of different technologies installed to small scale, the physical-chemical characteristics and microbiologic of the substrates and effluents, the characteristics of the effluents obtained in each biodigestor and the control parameters and monitoring of the process that allow to predict the operation of these biodigesters installed to small scale. As summations they are arrived that the valued biodigesters in spite of showing good constructive conditions doesn't satisfy the necessities of biogas of their operators, that which rebounds in the expectations of the other producers that can be interested in the anaerobic technology. The characterization physique chemistry and microbiology of the effluents showed the potentialities of producing biogas with energy ends standing out those that treat pig manures, where the methane overcomes 70%. However the load microbial files its use as biofertilizers. The analysis of the effluents like bio stimulates didn't show a positive effect but these studies should not be conclusive. In biodigesters installed to small scale, the quality of the biogas (% of CH4) to the exit of the biodigesters and the removal of DQO, they can be used as parameters of control of the process. These parameters are easy to determinate and they show the functionality of the biodigesters in correspondence with the realized qualitative diagnosis.
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Biogas