Evaluación de las tecnologías utilizadas en los sistemas agrícolas más representativos del municipio de Santa Clara y su influencia sobre la calidad agro-productiva de los suelos pardos sialíticos.
Fecha
2009-07-06
Autores
Rafael McCune, Nils Max
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Editor
Universidad Central ´´Marta Abreu´´ de Las Villas
Resumen
Se evaluó la calidad ecológica de las tecnologías de producción en los sistemas agrícolas estatal, cooperativo y campesino del municipio de Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. Se caracterizaron distintas tendencias tecnológicas de los tres sectores, correspondiendo a las prácticas agrícolas relacionadas con el manejo de fertilidad, manejo de agua, manejo de plagas y enfermedades, preparación de suelo, rotación de cultivos, asociación de cultivos, manejo de especies productivas y medidas de conservación y protección de suelos. La calidad ecológica de todas las tecnologías evaluadas en cada sistema agrícola fue cuantificada según una escala de valores entre 0 y 3, produciendo un valor para cada sistema que se relaciona la complejidad y el criterio ecológico dentro de las tendencias tecnológicas. Muestras de suelo tomadas de dos campos típicos dentro de dos granjas estatales, dos cooperativas de producción agropecuaria (CPA) y tres fincas particulares fueron analizadas aplicando indicadores físicos, químicos y biológicos de la calidad agroproductivo de suelo. Todos los sistemas agrícolas evaluados tienen suelo pardo sialítico con carbonato, un suelo cuyas propiedades físicas y biológicas responden rápidamente a cambios en el manejo productivo empleado. Se vinculó el valor de la calidad ecológica de las tecnologías empleadas en los agroecosistemas con un calculado valor que integra la calidad de suelo, para precisar la relación técnica-suelo e identificar los puntos débiles de ella.
The ecological quality of agricultural production technologies was evaluated in state, cooperative and small private holder farming systems in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, Cuba. The differing technological tendencies of the three sectors were characterized, in correspondence with agricultural practices related to fertility management, water management, pest and disease management, soil preparation, crop rotations, intercropping, productive species management, and soil conservation and protection measures. The ecological quality of the agricultural technologies employed in the different farm systems was quantified using a scale of values between 0 and 3 for each technological element, producing a score for each farm system that relates to the complexity and ecological criteria within the technological tendencies. Soil samples from two typical fields within two state farms, two agricultural production cooperatives (CPA), and three small private holder farms were analyzed using physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil quality. Each of the agroecosystems included in the study contain brown sialitic soil with carbonates, a soil with physical and biological properties that rapidly respond to changes in management regime. Quantitative and qualitative relationships between technologies and soil quality were analyzed within each type of farm system in order to identify weak points in the technology-soil interactions.
The ecological quality of agricultural production technologies was evaluated in state, cooperative and small private holder farming systems in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, Cuba. The differing technological tendencies of the three sectors were characterized, in correspondence with agricultural practices related to fertility management, water management, pest and disease management, soil preparation, crop rotations, intercropping, productive species management, and soil conservation and protection measures. The ecological quality of the agricultural technologies employed in the different farm systems was quantified using a scale of values between 0 and 3 for each technological element, producing a score for each farm system that relates to the complexity and ecological criteria within the technological tendencies. Soil samples from two typical fields within two state farms, two agricultural production cooperatives (CPA), and three small private holder farms were analyzed using physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil quality. Each of the agroecosystems included in the study contain brown sialitic soil with carbonates, a soil with physical and biological properties that rapidly respond to changes in management regime. Quantitative and qualitative relationships between technologies and soil quality were analyzed within each type of farm system in order to identify weak points in the technology-soil interactions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Santa Clara, Suelo, Calidad del Suelo