Características de la prosociabilidad, en aspirantes a ingresar en la carrera de psicología clínica en el Instituto Superior Politécnico de Cabinda en Angola.
Fecha
2014-05-15
Autores
Uola Guimbi, Homera Malonda
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar la prosociabilidad en aspirantes a ingresar a la carrera de Psicología Clínica en el Instituto Superior de Cabinda, Angola. La muestra incluyó a 131 miembros, 114 mujeres y 17 varones. El trabajo se desarrolló de enero de 2013 a mayo de 2014. Se aplicó un Cuestionario General de Investigación, elaborado para el estudio, que contempla datos fundamentales de los aspirantes y el Cuestionario de Conducta Prosocial (Martorell y González, 1998), que abarca cuatro factores: empatía, respecto, sociabilidad y liderazgo, distribuido en 58 items.
En el análisis de los resultados se utilizaron tablas y gráficos en los que se muestran frecuencias absolutas y porcientos. Se realizaron comparaciones de grupos independientes mediante la prueba no paramétrica Kruskal – Wallis y el test de Mann-Whitney, incluidas en el SPSS. Se encontró un predominio del sexo femenino, el estado civil soltero y los intervalos de edades entre 25 - 30, y 19 – 24 años. La mayor parte de los aspirantes son estudiantes, procedentes de preuniversitario y del instituto politécnico de enseñanza media, viven en el área urbana y pertenecen a familias amplias. No se registraron antecedentes patológicos significativos. Entre las enfermedades más comunes se reconocieron la malaria, la hipertensión arterial y la fiebre tifoidea. Fue mínimo el reporte de hábitos tóxicos.
Se apreció un desarrollo deficiente de la prosociabilidad. El factor más afectado fue el liderazgo y el más estable la empatía. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas que afectan más a los procedentes de preuniversitario. El alcoholismo, el vandalismo fueron las conductas reportadas que más dañan a la comunidad. Se destacó la necesidad de atender la violencia social y la prevención del alcoholismo y las adicciones. Se ofrecen conclusiones y recomendaciones de valor para futuras investigaciones.
The present investigation was conducted to characterize the prosociabilidad in aspiring to enter the career of Clinical Psychology at the Institute of Cabinda, Angola. The sample included 131 members, 114 women and 17 men. The work was conducted January 2013 to May 2014. Research a general questionnaire prepared for the study, which provides basic data of applicants and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (Martorell and González, 1998) covering is applied four factors: empathy, respect, sociability and leadership, distributed in 58 items. In the analysis of the results tables and graphs showing absolute frequencies and percentages shown were used. Comparisons of independent groups were performed using the nonparametric Kruskal - Wallis and Mann-Whitney test, included in SPSS. 30 and 19 - - 24 a predominance of female sex, single marital status and age ranges from 25 was found. Most candidates are students, from pre-university and polytechnic high school, live in urban areas and belong to large families. No significant medical histories were recorded. Among the most common diseases malaria, hypertension and typhoid fever were recognized. Reporting was minimal toxic habits. Poor development of prosociabilidad appreciated. The most affected was the factor most stable leadership and empathy. Significant differences that affect more were obtained from pre-university. Alcoholism, vandalism reported behaviors were most damaging to the community. The need to address social violence and prevention of alcoholism and addiction. Value conclusions and recommendations for future research are offered.
The present investigation was conducted to characterize the prosociabilidad in aspiring to enter the career of Clinical Psychology at the Institute of Cabinda, Angola. The sample included 131 members, 114 women and 17 men. The work was conducted January 2013 to May 2014. Research a general questionnaire prepared for the study, which provides basic data of applicants and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (Martorell and González, 1998) covering is applied four factors: empathy, respect, sociability and leadership, distributed in 58 items. In the analysis of the results tables and graphs showing absolute frequencies and percentages shown were used. Comparisons of independent groups were performed using the nonparametric Kruskal - Wallis and Mann-Whitney test, included in SPSS. 30 and 19 - - 24 a predominance of female sex, single marital status and age ranges from 25 was found. Most candidates are students, from pre-university and polytechnic high school, live in urban areas and belong to large families. No significant medical histories were recorded. Among the most common diseases malaria, hypertension and typhoid fever were recognized. Reporting was minimal toxic habits. Poor development of prosociabilidad appreciated. The most affected was the factor most stable leadership and empathy. Significant differences that affect more were obtained from pre-university. Alcoholism, vandalism reported behaviors were most damaging to the community. The need to address social violence and prevention of alcoholism and addiction. Value conclusions and recommendations for future research are offered.
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Palabras clave
Prosociabilidad, Conducta Prosocial, Conducta Antisocial, Psicología Clínica, Prosociabilidad, Prosocial Behavior, Antisocial Behavior, Clinical Psychology