Propuesta de sistema de gestión de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos para Sagua la Grande
Fecha
2013-06-25
Autores
Triana Díaz, Niury Z.
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En la actualidad, la gestión de los residuos sólidos ocupa un lugar principal dentro de la gestión ambiental. Esta gestión integrada es el término aplicado a todas las actividades asociadas con el manejo de los diversos flujos de residuos dentro de la sociedad; y su meta básica es administrar los residuos de una forma que sea compatible con el medio ambiente y la salud pública. En este trabajo se analiza el Sistema de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) existente en la Ciudad de Sagua la Grande, se estudian dos alternativas de gestión y tratamiento de los mismos mediante análisis ambiental y económico y la factibilidad de las alternativas propuestas utilizando Programa para Valoración Económica diseñado en Excel, La alternativa A1 consiste herramienta que permite evaluar los impactos económicos totales de un proceso, producto o servicio, considerando todas las etapas de cada gestión. en un sistema de Recogida Selectiva pretendiendo aprovechar la fracción recuperable de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos mediante clasificación en una Planta de Transferencia, específicamente de papel y cartón, aluminio, hierro, plásticos y vidrio, además de la construcción de un Relleno Sanitario logrando disminución en el vertido y al mismo tiempo seguridad, la alternativa A2 plantea aprovechar la fracción orgánica de los RSU (materiales fermentables de rápida y lenta descomposición) mediante tratamiento biológico (digestión anaerobia y compost); reciclar la fracción recuperable y disminuir considerablemente la disposición directa en el relleno. Se comprobó que la alternativa A2 es la más factible, tanto desde el punto de vista económico como ambiental. El análisis económico demostró que dicha alternativa es factible, presentando un Valor Actual Neto de $ 2 204 655,77, una Tasa Interna de Rendimiento del 57y un Período de Recuperación de Descuentode aproximadamente 1año, esto se demuestra con el EICV.
At present, the solution of solid wastes elimination occupies a main place in the environmental solution. This integrated solution is the term applied to all activities become a partner of the handling of the diverse fluxes of remainders in the society; and your basic goal is to administer the remainders of a form that it is compatible with the halfback it gives atmosphere and the health department. In this work the Management System of Solid Wastes in Sagua la Grande municipality is analysis two alternatives of management and treatment are studied by means of computed programs helping in economical analysis, the factibility of the alternatives are evaluated allowing to know the total environmental impact of a product, process or service taking into account all the stages of the management system. A1alternative consist in a system of selective collection of Urban Solid Wastes by means of classification of materials in a transfer Plant such as paper, cardboard, aluminum, iron, plastics and glass the reusable fraction will be commercialized, this solution decreased landfill depositions and the non usable fraction will be deposed in a new garbish collection place created for this purpose, A2 alternative take into account the first stage of alternative one (classification and commerce), besides of treating the organic fraction by process of fermentation (the fast fermentative material will be treated by anaerobic digestion and slow fraction will be used to obtain compost). This alternative reduces considerably the depositions in the landfill and A3 alternative take into account the first stage of alternative A1 and A2 besides of an incineration system that decreased the amount of waste material in the landfill. It was concluded that alternative A2 is the most feasible, economical and environmental solution of all studied, presenting a Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 2 204 655,77, an Internal Return Rate (IRR) of 57% and a Recove of Discount approximately 1 years old, this is demonstrated with the EICV.
At present, the solution of solid wastes elimination occupies a main place in the environmental solution. This integrated solution is the term applied to all activities become a partner of the handling of the diverse fluxes of remainders in the society; and your basic goal is to administer the remainders of a form that it is compatible with the halfback it gives atmosphere and the health department. In this work the Management System of Solid Wastes in Sagua la Grande municipality is analysis two alternatives of management and treatment are studied by means of computed programs helping in economical analysis, the factibility of the alternatives are evaluated allowing to know the total environmental impact of a product, process or service taking into account all the stages of the management system. A1alternative consist in a system of selective collection of Urban Solid Wastes by means of classification of materials in a transfer Plant such as paper, cardboard, aluminum, iron, plastics and glass the reusable fraction will be commercialized, this solution decreased landfill depositions and the non usable fraction will be deposed in a new garbish collection place created for this purpose, A2 alternative take into account the first stage of alternative one (classification and commerce), besides of treating the organic fraction by process of fermentation (the fast fermentative material will be treated by anaerobic digestion and slow fraction will be used to obtain compost). This alternative reduces considerably the depositions in the landfill and A3 alternative take into account the first stage of alternative A1 and A2 besides of an incineration system that decreased the amount of waste material in the landfill. It was concluded that alternative A2 is the most feasible, economical and environmental solution of all studied, presenting a Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 2 204 655,77, an Internal Return Rate (IRR) of 57% and a Recove of Discount approximately 1 years old, this is demonstrated with the EICV.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Residuos Sólidos Urbanos, Administración de Residuos, Waste Management, Administración Ambiental, Environmental Administration, Sagua La Grande