Propuesta de solución para la evacuación, tratamiento y disposición final de las aguas residuales de una zona urbana de la ciudad de Cienfuegos
Fecha
2004-06-25
Autores
Portell González, Ayelin
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En este trabajo se realizó una gestión de saneamiento en una zona urbana de la ciudad de Cienfuegos. El objetivo de este estudio consintió en proponer un sistema apropiado de evacuación, tratamiento y disposición para las aguas residuales urbanas que logre mitigar sus efectos ambientales negativos sobre el ecosistema de la Bahía de Cienfuegos. En este contexto se elaboró y validó un procedimiento metodológico para el desarrollo de la gestión de saneamiento para la Empresa de Acueducto Alcantarillado de Cienfuegos, que permitió estudiar la problemática ambiental existente y proponer una alternativa de solución apropiada para la evacuación, tratamiento y disposición final de estas aguas residuales.
Se concluye que el sistema de saneamiento existente no es apropiado, estimándose que la carga contaminante dispuesta actualmente a la Bahía de Cienfuegos representa un 5.07 % del total de carga orgánica dispuesta a este ecosistema, impactando sobre las condiciones higiénicas sanitarias de los lugares de baño en el litoral y de la calidad del cuerpo de agua de esta bahía. Se propone como alternativa de solución un sistema alcantarillado, que tribute el residual evacuado hacia un sistema de evacuación existente para realizar un tratamiento conjunto en lagunas de estabilización en paralelo, selección que se sustenta en sus ventajas sociales, técnicas, ambientales, económicas y financieras, que con una operación y mantenimiento adecuados permitirá tratar de forma sanitaria y ambientalmente segura volúmenes considerables de las aguas albañales, incluidas la de las zona objeto de estudio, se propone la reutilización del efluente con fines de riego una vez que cumple los requerimientos establecidos para ello, lo que contribuirá a lograr un uso más racional del recurso agua.
In this work was carried out a sanitation management in an urban area of the city of Cienfuegos. The objective of this study consented in proposing an appropriate system of evacuation, treatment and disposition for the urban residual waters that it is able to mitigate its effects environmental negatives on the ecosystem of the Bay of Cienfuegos. In this context it was elaborated and it validated a methodological procedure for the development of the sanitation management for the Company of Aqueduct Sewer system of Cienfuegos that allowed to study the existent environmental problem and to propose an alternative of appropriate solution for the evacuation, treatment and final disposition of these waste waters. It is concludes that the system of existent sanitation is not appropriate, being considered that the polluting load prepared at the moment to the Bay of Cienfuegos represents 5.07 % of the total of organic load willing to this ecosystem, impacting on the sanitary hygienic conditions of the bathroom places in the coast and of the quality of the body of water of this bay. It is intends as solution alternative a system sewer system that pays the residual one evacuated toward a system of existent evacuation to carry out a combined treatment in stabilization lagoons in parallel, selection that is sustained in their social, technical, environmental, economic and financial advantages that with an operation and adapted maintenance will allow to be in way sanitary and environmentally sure considerable volumes of the waters sewers, included that of the area study object, intends the reuse of the effluents with watering ends once it completes the established requirements for it, what will contribute to achieve a more rational use of the resource water.
In this work was carried out a sanitation management in an urban area of the city of Cienfuegos. The objective of this study consented in proposing an appropriate system of evacuation, treatment and disposition for the urban residual waters that it is able to mitigate its effects environmental negatives on the ecosystem of the Bay of Cienfuegos. In this context it was elaborated and it validated a methodological procedure for the development of the sanitation management for the Company of Aqueduct Sewer system of Cienfuegos that allowed to study the existent environmental problem and to propose an alternative of appropriate solution for the evacuation, treatment and final disposition of these waste waters. It is concludes that the system of existent sanitation is not appropriate, being considered that the polluting load prepared at the moment to the Bay of Cienfuegos represents 5.07 % of the total of organic load willing to this ecosystem, impacting on the sanitary hygienic conditions of the bathroom places in the coast and of the quality of the body of water of this bay. It is intends as solution alternative a system sewer system that pays the residual one evacuated toward a system of existent evacuation to carry out a combined treatment in stabilization lagoons in parallel, selection that is sustained in their social, technical, environmental, economic and financial advantages that with an operation and adapted maintenance will allow to be in way sanitary and environmentally sure considerable volumes of the waters sewers, included that of the area study object, intends the reuse of the effluents with watering ends once it completes the established requirements for it, what will contribute to achieve a more rational use of the resource water.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Área Urbana, Urban Area, Cienfuegos, Aguas Residuales, Waste Water, Bahía de Cienfuegos, Empresa de Acueducto Alcantarillado, Saneamiento, Sanitation