Diagnóstico estratégico de cadenas productivas locales en las condiciones del sector agroindustrial cubano
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Fecha
2014-07-24
Autores
Rodríguez Fernández, Yadira
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El enfoque de cadenas productivas aparece en Cuba en 2011 a partir de la implementación de los Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social, sin embargo los sectores involucrados carecen de claridad sobre dicho enfoque, el que ha sido aplicado desde una mirada de desarrollo de competitividad de un producto y no de los actores. Es por ello que la siguiente investigación que se desarrolla en el marco del Proyecto CO – INNOVACIÓN se dirige al aumento de la productividad agropecuaria a través del desarrollo de mecanismos, procesos y capacidades que integren las innovaciones tecnológicas desarrolladas por centros de investigación, aplicadas a los productos de la canasta alimentaria tradicional; donde se logró la sistematización de un conjunto de pasos y herramientas para diagnosticar las cadenas productivas agrícolas locales, buscando el desarrollo de la competitividad local con resultados sostenibles al conocer las condiciones y potencialidades productivas, las características de los actores, sus lógicas, dinámicas, procesos y sinergias. Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron el conocimiento adquirido acerca del enfoque de cadena productiva y los procedimientos para su desarrollo, el diagnóstico de la cadena productiva del frijol en Camajuaní reconociendo sus deficiencias: la ausencia de gerencia por parte del Gobierno a nivel local, la falta de integración de sus eslabones, y la limitada oferta de los insumos necesarios para la producción; y la propuesta de estrategia para la cadena de frijol que debe potenciar las fortalezas internas para desarrollar las oportunidades que ofrece el entorno, logrando así ventajas competitivas y el cumplimiento de todos los objetivos estratégicos de la cadena.
Palabras Claves: cadena productiva, desarrollo local, diagnóstico participativo, puntos críticos.
The productive chains focus appears in Cuba in 2011 starting from the “Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social” implementation, however the implicated sectors lack clarity on said focus, the one that has been applied from a development look of competitiveness of a product and no of the actors. That why the following investigation develops in the CO – INNOVACIÓN Project which integrate the technological inventions developed for centers fact-finding, applied to the alimentary basket's products traditional directs itself to the increase of the agricultural productivity through the mechanisms development, processes and capabilities; where were achieved the systematization of a steps and tools set to diagnose the local agricultural productive chains, looking for the development of the local competitiveness with sustainable aftermaths to the knowing the conditions and productive potentialities, the actors’ characteristics, his logics, dynamics, processes and synergies. The main things aftermaths obtained were the knowledge acquired about the focus of productive chain and the procedures for his development, the diagnosis of the productive chain of the bean in Camajuaní recognizing his deficiencies: management's absence for part of level Government, the enough links’ integration, and the limited offer of the necessary raw materials for the production; and the strategy proposal for the bean chain that must increase the power of the internal fortresses to develop the opportunities that the surroundings offers, achieving thus competitive advantages and the chain's all of the strategic objectives fulfillment. Key words: productive chain, locale development, communicative diagnosis, critical points.
The productive chains focus appears in Cuba in 2011 starting from the “Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social” implementation, however the implicated sectors lack clarity on said focus, the one that has been applied from a development look of competitiveness of a product and no of the actors. That why the following investigation develops in the CO – INNOVACIÓN Project which integrate the technological inventions developed for centers fact-finding, applied to the alimentary basket's products traditional directs itself to the increase of the agricultural productivity through the mechanisms development, processes and capabilities; where were achieved the systematization of a steps and tools set to diagnose the local agricultural productive chains, looking for the development of the local competitiveness with sustainable aftermaths to the knowing the conditions and productive potentialities, the actors’ characteristics, his logics, dynamics, processes and synergies. The main things aftermaths obtained were the knowledge acquired about the focus of productive chain and the procedures for his development, the diagnosis of the productive chain of the bean in Camajuaní recognizing his deficiencies: management's absence for part of level Government, the enough links’ integration, and the limited offer of the necessary raw materials for the production; and the strategy proposal for the bean chain that must increase the power of the internal fortresses to develop the opportunities that the surroundings offers, achieving thus competitive advantages and the chain's all of the strategic objectives fulfillment. Key words: productive chain, locale development, communicative diagnosis, critical points.
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Palabras clave
Cadena Productiva Agrícola, Desarrollo Local, Diagnóstico Participativo, Cadena de Valor