Digestión anaerobia de residuos de la agroindustria arrocera cubana para la producción de biogás
Fecha
2013
Autores
Contreras Velázquez, Luz María
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química-Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La presente investigación se fundamenta en la búsqueda de alternativas de tratamiento a los residuos de la producción de arroz en Cuba. En este sentido la digestión anaerobia resulta una variante biotecnológica sencilla que posibilita disminuir la carga contaminante del residuo y generar productos valiosos. El objetivo del trabajo fue definir los parámetros fundamentales del proceso de digestión anaerobia de residuos agroindustriales del arroz cubano, como única fuente de carbono, necesarios para identificar potencialidades de plantas de biogás como una alternativa de tratamiento de estos desechos.
La caracterización físico-química de los residuos de arroz cubano y la determinación del potencial de biogás bajo condiciones de temperatura mesofílica y termofílica, a través de ensayos en discontinuo, acreditan que de los tres residuos estudiados, la paja y el residuo de secado pueden ser tratados por vía anaerobia, como única fuente de carbono, con rendimientos similares a otros materiales reportados en la literatura. El estudio cinético del proceso posibilitó estimar los rendimientos máximos esperados y las constantes cinéticas en cada caso y demostró, conjuntamente con el análisis de biodegradabilidad última, que la temperatura termofílica favorece el proceso de degradación anaerobia de estos residuos.
This investigation is based on the search for alternatives to treat wastes from rice production in Cuba. In this sense the anaerobic digestion has proved to be a simple biotechnological variant making possible to diminish the waste contaminant load and to generate valuable products. The objective of the work was to define the fundamental process parameters of the anaerobic digestion of Cuban rice agroindustrial wastes, as only carbon source, needed to identify potentialities of biogas plants as a treatment alternative for these wastes. The physicochemical characterization of the Cuban rice wastes and the determination of the biogas potential under mesophylic and thermophylic temperature conditions by means of discontinuous tests, substantiate that out of the three wastes studied, rice straw and wastes from the drying process can be anaerobically treated, as only carbon source, with yields similar to other materials reported in literature. The kinetic study of the process made possible to estimate the prospective maximum yields and the kinetic constants in each case and proved, together with the ultimate biodegradability analysis, that the thermophylic temperature favors the anaerobic degradation process of these wastes. With the criteria that emerged from the experimental work in continuous feeding regime in both reactors´ configurations assessed: completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and upflow anaerobic solid-state reactor (UASS), the energetic and environmental potentialities of the rice straw anaerobic treatment for a case of study were estimated. In addition, by means of the estimation of economic indicators, it is proved that an investment for the anaerobic treatment of this waste can be feasible, what is fully substantiated by the fossil combustible imports that Cuba would avoid by generating electricity from a renewable source.
This investigation is based on the search for alternatives to treat wastes from rice production in Cuba. In this sense the anaerobic digestion has proved to be a simple biotechnological variant making possible to diminish the waste contaminant load and to generate valuable products. The objective of the work was to define the fundamental process parameters of the anaerobic digestion of Cuban rice agroindustrial wastes, as only carbon source, needed to identify potentialities of biogas plants as a treatment alternative for these wastes. The physicochemical characterization of the Cuban rice wastes and the determination of the biogas potential under mesophylic and thermophylic temperature conditions by means of discontinuous tests, substantiate that out of the three wastes studied, rice straw and wastes from the drying process can be anaerobically treated, as only carbon source, with yields similar to other materials reported in literature. The kinetic study of the process made possible to estimate the prospective maximum yields and the kinetic constants in each case and proved, together with the ultimate biodegradability analysis, that the thermophylic temperature favors the anaerobic degradation process of these wastes. With the criteria that emerged from the experimental work in continuous feeding regime in both reactors´ configurations assessed: completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and upflow anaerobic solid-state reactor (UASS), the energetic and environmental potentialities of the rice straw anaerobic treatment for a case of study were estimated. In addition, by means of the estimation of economic indicators, it is proved that an investment for the anaerobic treatment of this waste can be feasible, what is fully substantiated by the fossil combustible imports that Cuba would avoid by generating electricity from a renewable source.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Empresa Agroindustrial de Granos “Sur del Jíbaro”, Producción de Arroz, Residuos Agroindustriales, Arroz Cubano, Biogás, Producción de Biogás, Fuente Renovable