Evaluación farmacológica de la actividad analgésica del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Jatropha gossypifolia L
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Fecha
2016-07
Autores
Mendoza Muñoz, Merlin
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
La terapéutica analgésica actual resulta insuficiente para el tratamiento del dolor por lo que continúa la búsqueda de nuevos candidatos a partir de plantas medicinales con este fin. Jatropha gossypifolia L. es ampliamente utilizada en la medicina popular tradicional por sus propiedades curativas y ofrece una enorme reserva de fitoquímicos con potencial acción analgésica que no ha sido comprobada experimentalmente. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo fue evaluar experimentalmente a través de ensayos “in vivo” la actividad analgésica de extractos de Jatropha gossypifolia L. En este sentido, se desarrolló una evaluación fitoquímica del extracto hidroalcohólico de Jatropha gossypifolia L. que incluyó el tamizaje fitoquímico y la cuantificación del contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales mostrando la presencia de saponinas, alcaloides, fenoles, flavonoides, aminoácidos libres, coumarinas, azúcares reductores y quinonas como principales metabolitos secundarios. Los fenoles y flavonoides cuantificados se relacionan con las actividades farmacológicas demostradas para la familia de la planta. Se desarrollaron dos métodos in vivo para la evaluación de la actividad analgésica: Placa Caliente y contorsiones inducidas por ácido acético en ratones, que permitieron corroborar experimentalmente la actividad analgésica del extracto hidroalcohólico de Jatropha gossypifolia L. Finalmente se llevó a cabo un estudio de toxicidad dérmica aguda que no muestra toxicidad dérmica a dosis inferiores a 500 mg/kg. Por lo tanto se puede concluir que el extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de Jatropha gossypifolia L. posee un efecto analgésico y la no toxicidad que fundamentará el uso que se le atribuye de forma tradicional.
Because of the unsatisfactory treatment of pain by the actual analgesic therapy the search of new candidates from medicinal plants is very important nowadays. Due to its healing properties, Jatropha gossypifolia L. is widely used in traditional folk medicine, it offers a huge reservoir of phytochemicals compounds, most of them with potential analgesic action, but there is not experimental corroboration of their pharmacological properties. The aim of this research is to evaluate the analgesic activity of Jatropha gossypifolia L. hydro- alcoholic extract through "in vivo" tests. We carried out a phytochemical evaluation of Jatropha gossypifolia L. extract including phytochemical screening and total phenols and flavonoids quantification. The presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, free amino acids, coumarins, quinones reducing sugars and main secondary metabolites was identified in the extract. There is a relationship between quantified phenols and flavonoids and the pharmacological activity of these plant family. The extract was evaluated at 100, and 200 mg/kg doses using Hot Plate test and at 100, 200, 300 mg/kg doses by the Acetic acid writhing tests; it showed analgesic activity in these two in vivo test. Finally, Jatropha gossypifolia extract shows no toxicity below 500 mg/kg dose in the dermal acute toxicity developed test. Therefore we can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia L. leaves has analgesic effect and low dermal toxicity.
Because of the unsatisfactory treatment of pain by the actual analgesic therapy the search of new candidates from medicinal plants is very important nowadays. Due to its healing properties, Jatropha gossypifolia L. is widely used in traditional folk medicine, it offers a huge reservoir of phytochemicals compounds, most of them with potential analgesic action, but there is not experimental corroboration of their pharmacological properties. The aim of this research is to evaluate the analgesic activity of Jatropha gossypifolia L. hydro- alcoholic extract through "in vivo" tests. We carried out a phytochemical evaluation of Jatropha gossypifolia L. extract including phytochemical screening and total phenols and flavonoids quantification. The presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, free amino acids, coumarins, quinones reducing sugars and main secondary metabolites was identified in the extract. There is a relationship between quantified phenols and flavonoids and the pharmacological activity of these plant family. The extract was evaluated at 100, and 200 mg/kg doses using Hot Plate test and at 100, 200, 300 mg/kg doses by the Acetic acid writhing tests; it showed analgesic activity in these two in vivo test. Finally, Jatropha gossypifolia extract shows no toxicity below 500 mg/kg dose in the dermal acute toxicity developed test. Therefore we can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia L. leaves has analgesic effect and low dermal toxicity.
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Palabras clave
Terapéutica Analgésica, Plantas Medicinales, Jatropha gossypifolia L.