Análisis de los impactos de desastres en el hábitat construido a mediano y largo plazo. Propuesta de esquema de análisis
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Granela Pérez, Alberto
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Arquitectura
Resumen
Los desastres de origen natural prosiguen su ocurrencia y recurrencia a nivel mundial,
favorecidos por los efectos del cambio climático, acumulando anualmente cuantiosas
pérdidas, daños y afectaciones de diferente índole.
En Cuba, gracias a su sistema de defensa civil y una gestión de riesgos liderada por el
Estado, con una amplia participación popular, ha reducido las víctimas humanas y el
impacto económico y material; pero son elevados los daños al hábitat construido.
Existen diversos métodos para la determinación del impacto inmediato de los desastres,
los que permiten organizar rápidamente la asistencia y la reconstrucción; pero no se
disponen de enfoques para estudiar adecuadamente los impactos a mediano y largo plazo,
incluso en asentamientos que fueron reconstruidos después del desastre.
El presente trabajo propone un esquema de análisis de los impactos del desastre en el
hábitat construido, en el mediano y largo plazo, basado en indicadores básicos y lo
comprueba en un caso de estudio, donde se sufrieron las consecuencias del huracán, hace
más de 15 años.
Natural disasters continue its appearing and recurrence in the world, helped by climate change effects, gathering abundant and various losses and damages. Cuba had reduced human victims and economic and material impacts, thanks to its civil defense system, and the risk management leading by the State with popular participation, but are growing the damages to built habitat. There are many procedures to determine the immediate impact of disasters, in order to organize the fast assistance and reconstruction. However, approaches to study properly the impacts in the middle and long term is not available, including in settlements rebuilt after disaster. The present thesis proposes un analysis scheme of disaster impacts in built habitat, at the middle and long term, based in basic indicators and are confirmed in the case of study where was impacted by a hurricane, more of 15 years ago.
Natural disasters continue its appearing and recurrence in the world, helped by climate change effects, gathering abundant and various losses and damages. Cuba had reduced human victims and economic and material impacts, thanks to its civil defense system, and the risk management leading by the State with popular participation, but are growing the damages to built habitat. There are many procedures to determine the immediate impact of disasters, in order to organize the fast assistance and reconstruction. However, approaches to study properly the impacts in the middle and long term is not available, including in settlements rebuilt after disaster. The present thesis proposes un analysis scheme of disaster impacts in built habitat, at the middle and long term, based in basic indicators and are confirmed in the case of study where was impacted by a hurricane, more of 15 years ago.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hábitat Construido, Impactos de Desastres Naturales, Built Habitat, Natural Disasters Impacts