Consumo y utilización de antibióticos y antibioresistencia bacteriana en el Hospital Provincial Universitario “Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau”
Archivos
Fecha
2014-06-25
Autores
Marín Conde, Yenisbel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en respuesta a la amenaza para la salud pública que plantea la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, con el objetivo de determinar a través de un estudio de consumo los antimicrobianos utilizados en el Hospital Provincial Universitario „„Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau‟‟ durante los años 2012 y 2013 y analizar la antibioresistencia bacteriana; determinándose si existe relación entre estos, luego realizar un estudio de utilización, con la finalidad de sugerir acciones que perfeccionen el uso racional de antibióticos. Con este fin se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo ambispectivo que constó de tres fases: una primera fase en la que se realizó un estudio de consumo y un análisis de la antibioresistencia bacteriana, una segunda fase en la que se estableció la relación entre estos y una tercera fase en la que se realizó un estudio de utilización. Los antibióticos más consumidos en los años estudiados fueron la Cefriaxona, la Cefotaxima y el Metronidazol y los menos consumidos la Doxicilina y la Clindamicina. Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli fueron los microorganismos más prevalentes, siendo la Cefazolina el antibiótico con mayor porcentaje de resistencia, seguido de la Ceftriaxona. Existe una correlación positiva entre la mayoría de los antibioticos y la resistencia antibacteriana de todas las cepas evaluadas. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron pautas terapéuticas adecuadas en cuanto a dosis, intervalo y tiempo de tratamiento, sin ocurrencia de reacciones adversas y se determinaron varias posibles interacciones medicamentosas, sin que estas se presentaran siendo la Ceftriaxona el antibiótico más prescrito.
The antimicrobial resistance is a problem in public health, this work was carried out with the aim of determine (through a study of antimicrobial consumption used in the Provincial Hospital Universitario'' Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau'' during 2012 and 2013) the prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. We establish the relationship between antimicrobial consumption and resistance. First, we perform a three-phase descriptive and observational study of antimicrobials utilization, in order to suggest actions to improve the rational use of antibiotics. In the first phase we analyze antibiotic consumption and bacterial antibiotic resistance, in a second phase we established the relationships between them and finally a third phase in which a real-time utilization study was performed. The antibiotics most commonly consumed in the studied years were ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and metronidazole and those which shown less consume were doxycycline and clindamycin. The organisms most prevalent were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while cefazolin achieved the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance, followed by ceftriaxone. We found a positive correlation between most antibiotics and antibacterial resistance for all strains tested. Most patients received adequate therapeutic schemes according to dose, interval and time treatment; without occurrence of several adverse reactions. Also potential drug interactions were identified; without any occurrence of them in ceftriaxone‟s treatment regimens.
The antimicrobial resistance is a problem in public health, this work was carried out with the aim of determine (through a study of antimicrobial consumption used in the Provincial Hospital Universitario'' Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau'' during 2012 and 2013) the prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. We establish the relationship between antimicrobial consumption and resistance. First, we perform a three-phase descriptive and observational study of antimicrobials utilization, in order to suggest actions to improve the rational use of antibiotics. In the first phase we analyze antibiotic consumption and bacterial antibiotic resistance, in a second phase we established the relationships between them and finally a third phase in which a real-time utilization study was performed. The antibiotics most commonly consumed in the studied years were ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and metronidazole and those which shown less consume were doxycycline and clindamycin. The organisms most prevalent were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while cefazolin achieved the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance, followed by ceftriaxone. We found a positive correlation between most antibiotics and antibacterial resistance for all strains tested. Most patients received adequate therapeutic schemes according to dose, interval and time treatment; without occurrence of several adverse reactions. Also potential drug interactions were identified; without any occurrence of them in ceftriaxone‟s treatment regimens.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Profilaxis Antibiótica, Antibióticos, Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana, Ceftriaxona, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Ceftriaxone